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管壳式换热器中高黏流体传热强化进展
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Abstract:
管壳式换热器是目前工业上应用最广泛的换热器类型之一。本文综述了管壳式换热器中高黏流体传热过程强化技术的研究进展，分析了各种传热强化技术的优势与不足。针对高黏流体在管程与壳程内呈层流或过渡流，在传热面处流速慢、扰动弱，传热过程存在传热效率低、传热不均等问题，指出减薄层流热边界层厚度或破坏其发展及增强径向流动混合是强化高黏流体传热的关键。使用管内插入物、对换热管进行螺旋、弯曲及紧凑排列或使用高效的折流板有利于减薄层流边界层厚度，强化径向混合，进而提升传热性能。但在有效提升传热性能的同时也会显著增加流动阻力，难以有效提升换热器的综合性能。高传热与低流阻特性兼备的高黏流体传热强化技术是研究的主要方向，同时向换热器结构简单化与综合性能更优化的方向发展。
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is one of the most widely used heat exchangers in industry. The research progress of heat transfer enhancement techniques for high-viscosity fluid in shell-and-tube heat exchanger was reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of various techniques were analyzed. The high-viscosity fluid presents laminar or transitional flow patterns in the tube side and the shell side. The small flow velocity close to the heat transfer surfaces and the weak flow disturbance lead to low efficiency and inhomogeneity of heat transfer. It is pointed out that thinning the thickness of thermal boundary layer or destroying its development, and strengthening the radial mixing are the keys to the heat transfer enhancement of high-viscosity fluid. The application of tube inserts, compactly arranged tubes or efficient baffles can reduce the thickness of the laminar boundary layer, strengthen the radial mixing and then improve the heat transfer performance. However, when the heat transfer performance is improved, the flow resistance significantly increases, which limits the improvement for the overall performance of heat exchangers. Therefore, the technique with high heat transfer performance and low flow resistance is the main research direction of heat transfer enhancement for high-viscosity fluid. Additionally, simplified structure and better comprehensive performance are the development trend of the shell-and-tube heat exchangers.
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