基于进给轴信号采样的机床装配质量检测方法
Machine Tool Assembly Quality Inspection Based on Signal Sampling of Feed Shaft

数控机床的精度寿命、可靠性等性能指标的优劣往往受其装配质量的影响。在机床装配中使用传统测量仪器得到的检测结果不够直观且有效性差，针对该问题本文提出基于进给轴信号采样的装配质量检测方法。从时域和频域上对采集到的数据进行分析，并采用单组实验法和对比法设计了相关实验，实验发现：进给轴进给速度在中速区间时，速度电流平稳，频谱以结构频率为主，受杂波影响较小；速度、电流时域曲线会因丝杠预紧力或者弯曲呈现不同的形状，适合进一步分析丝杠装配质量；最后结合曲线拟合分析实现进给轴的故障诊断，综合准确率达95%以上。
The level of performance indicators such as precision life and reliability of the CNC system is generally affected by its assembly quality. For machine tool assembly, the intuitiveness and effectiveness of the inspection results obtained based on traditional measuring instruments are relatively poor. Focus on the issue, this paper proposed an assembly quality inspection method based on feed axis signal sampling. From the time domain and frequency domain, it analyzed the collected data and applied the single-group experiment method and comparison method to design related experiments. The results obtained through the experiment are as follows: When the feed speed of the feed axis is in the middle speed range, the speed current is stable, and the frequency spectrum is dominated by the structure frequency, which is less affected by clutter; The time-domain curves of speed and current will show different shapes due to screw preload or bending, and these factors can be referred to for further analysis of screw assembly quality; Finally, the combination of curve fitting analysis can realize the fault diagnosis of the feed axis, and the comprehensive accuracy rate can reach more than 95%.