|
|
升金湖湿地昆虫多样性研究
|
Abstract:
在2016年~2017年6月~10月期间对升金湖湿地昆虫多样性进行调查，在不同月份对该湿地的昆虫种类及数量进行了统计，对采集的物种进行编目，并采用Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef丰富度指数对其群落多样性进行分析。结果表明：升金湖湿地共有昆虫种类367种，分别隶属于15目112科。其中优势类群为半翅目、直翅目和鞘翅目，其所占比例分别为34.77%、19.59%、19.09%。不同月份多样性指数高低顺序为6月 > 7月 > 8月 > 9月 > 10月。多样性、均匀度及丰富度的相关分析说明：升金湖湿地昆虫多样性指数与丰富度、均匀度指数呈正相关，表明该湿地昆虫群落较为稳定。通过Jaccard相似性系数分析，升金湖湿地昆虫群落与邻近的菜子湖呈现较显著的差异，推测因地形差异、植物类群差异和气候条件等因素影响所致。
The insect diversity of Shengjin Lake wetland was investigated from June to October 2016~2017. The species and quantity of insects in the wetland were counted in different months. The collected species were catalogued. The Shannon-Wiener species diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson dominance index and Margalef abundance were used to analyze community diversity. The results showed that there were 367 species of insects belonging to 15 orders and 112 families in Jinhu wetland. The dominant groups were Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Coleoptera, accounting for 34.77%, 19.59% and 19.09% respectively. The order of diversity index in different months is June > July > August > September > October. Correlation analysis of diversity, evenness and richness showed that insect diversity index was positively correlated with richness and evenness index, indicating that insect community in Shengjin Lake wetland was relatively stable. Jaccard similarity coefficient analysis showed that the insect community in Shengjin Lake wetland was significantly different from that in the adjacent Caizi Lake. It was speculated that the insect community in Shengjin Lake wetland was influenced by topographic differences, plant species differences and climatic conditions.
| [1] | Hynes, H.B.N. (1970) The Ecology of Stream Insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 15, 25-42.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.15.010170.000325 |
| [2] | Giberson, D.J., Bilyj, B. and Burgess, N. (2001) Spe-cies Diversity and Emergence Patterns of Nematocerous Flies (Insecta: Diptera) from Three Coastal Salt Marshes in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Estuaries, 24, 862-874.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1353177 |
| [3] | Anthomy, M.R. and Donald, S. (2001) Seasonal Distribution of the Deaf-hopper Carneocephala Floridana (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in North Florida Salt Marshes. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 871-876.
https://doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2001)094[0871:SDOTLC]2.0.CO;2 |
| [4] | Talley, T.S. and Levin, L.A. (1999) Macrofaunal Succession and Community Structure in Salicornia, Marshes of Southern California. Estuarine Coastal & Shelf Science, 49, 713-731. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1999.0553 |
| [5] | Brose, U., Martinez, N.D. and Williams, R.J. (2003) Estimating Species Richness: Sensitivity to Sample Coverage and Insensitivity to Spatial Patterns. Ecology, 84, 2364-2377. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-0558 |
| [6] | Mensing, D.M., Galatowitsch, S.M. and Tester, J.R. (1998) Anthropogenic Effects on the Biodiversity of Riparian Wetlands of a Northern Temperate Landscape. Journal of En-vironmental Management, 53, 349-377.
https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.1998.0215 |
| [7] | Kati, V., Mani, P., Von Helversen, O., et al. (2006) Human Land Use Threatens Endemic Wetland Species: The Case of Chorthippus lacustris (La Greca and Messina 1975) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Epirus, Greece. Journal of Insect Conservation, 10, 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-005-2642-y |
| [8] | Lathrop, R.G., Cole, M.B. and Showalter, R.D. (2000) Quanti-fying the Habitat Structure and Spatial Pattern of New Jersey (U.S.A.) Salt Marshes under Different Management Re-gimes. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 8, 163-172.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008492418788 |
| [9] | Brazner, J.C., Danz, N.P., Trebitz, A.S., et al. (2007) Respon-siveness of Great Lakes Wetland Indicators to Human Disturbances at Multiple Spatial Scales: A Multiassemblage Assessment. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 33, 42-66.
https://doi.org/10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[42:ROGLWI]2.0.CO;2 |
| [10] | 顾伟, 马玲, 丁新华, 等. 扎龙湿地不同生境的昆虫多样性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(9): 2405-2412. |
| [11] | Montagna, M., Lozzia, C.G., Giorgi, A., et al. (2012) Insect Community Structure and Insect Biodiversity Conservation in an Alpine Wetland Subjected to an Inter-mediate Diversified Management Regime. Ecological Engineering, 47, 242-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.06.025 |
| [12] | Vinnersten, T.P. (2013) Long-Term Studies of Insect Abun-dances in Temporary Wetlands in Relation to Hydrology, Predation and Bti. Ecology. |
| [13] | 韩争伟, 马玲, 曹传旺, 等. 太湖湿地昆虫群落结构及多样性[J]. 生态学报, 2013, 33(14): 4387-4397. |
| [14] | 李志刚, 李军, 韩诗畴. 近30年来深圳福田红树林昆虫群落特征及其对生境变化的响应[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2017, 39(5): 1081-1089. |
| [15] | 束印, 侯银续, 王金刚, 等. 升金湖保护区蝴蝶产业开发的可行性分析[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2012, 40(6): 3374-3378. |
| [16] | 周葆华, 操璟璟, 朱文中. 安庆沿江湖泊湿地自然保护区生物多样性及保护对策[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2008, 36(26): 11467-11469. |
| [17] | 徐正会. 西双版纳自然保护区蚁科昆虫生物多样性研究[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2002. |
| [18] | 暴晓, 吕宪国, 张帆. 三江平原环形湿地昆虫种类多样性与季节动态[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2009, 37(5): 100-101. |
| [19] | 刘萍, 仲雨霞, 付必谦, 等. 北京野鸭湖湿地膜翅目群落多样性及生态分布[M]. 首都师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2008, 29(2): 38-44. |
| [20] | 蒋际宝, 赵梅君, 胡佳耀, 等. 盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区不同生境的昆虫群落研究[J]. 上海师范大学学报: 自然科学版, 2010, 39(2): 181-188. |
| [21] | 宋文军, 马玲, 王慧, 等. 扎龙自然保护区湖泊边昆虫群落多样性[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2007, 35(7): 80-81. |
| [22] | 郑哲民, 夏凯龄. 中国动物志(昆虫纲第10卷): 直翅目蝗总科(斑翅蝗科、网翅蝗科) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998. |
| [23] | 何俊华, 陈学新, 马云. 中国经济昆虫志(第51册): 膜翅目姬蜂科[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1996. |
| [24] | 吴燕如, 周勤. 中国经济昆虫志(第52册: 膜翅目泥蜂科) [M] . 北京: 科学出版社, 1996. |
| [25] | 王遵明. 中国经济昆虫志(第45册): 双翅目虻科(二) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994. |
| [26] | 朱弘复, 王林瑶. 中国经济昆虫志(第22册): 鳞翅目天蛾科[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1980. |
| [27] | 萧采瑜, 等. 中国蝽类昆虫鉴定手册(第1册: 半翅目异翅亚目) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1977. |
| [28] | 萧采瑜, 任树芝, 郑乐怡, 等. 中国蝽类昆虫鉴定手册(第2册: 半翅目异翅亚目) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1981. |
| [29] | 马玲, 顾伟, 丁新华, 等. 扎龙湿地昆虫群落结构及动态[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(5): 1371-1377. |
| [30] | 郑乐怡, 归鸿. 昆虫分类[M]. 南京: 南京师范大学出版社, 1999. |
| [31] | 韩德民. 动植物野外识别摄影图鉴[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2014. |
| [32] | 申效诚, 张润志, 任应党. 昆虫分分类与分布[M]. 北京: 中国农业科学技术出版社, 2008. |
| [33] | 马克平, 刘玉明. 生物群落多样性的测度方法I-a多样性的测度方法(下) [J]. 生物多样性, 1994, 2(4): 231-239. |
| [34] | 赵志模, 郭依泉. 生境类型生态学原理和方法[M]. 重庆: 科学技术出版社重庆分社, 1990: 147-172. |
| [35] | Simpson, E.H. (1949) Measurement of Diversity. Nature, 163, 688. https://doi.org/10.1038/163688a0 |
| [36] | 皮洛. 数学生态学引论[M]. 卢泽愚, 译. 北京: 科学出版社, 1978: 1-307. |
| [37] | Whittaker, R.H. (1972) Evolution and Measurement of Species Diversity. Taxon, 21, 213-251.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1218190 |
| [38] | Jaccard (1912) The Distribution of the Flora of the Alpine Zone. New Phy-tologist, 11, 37-50.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1912.tb05611.x |
| [39] | 葛洋, 郭苗, 曹玉言, 等. 长江中下游菜子湖湿地不同生境昆虫群落多样性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(8): 2084-2090. |
| [40] | 张汉鹄. 安徽农林昆虫地理区划探析[J]. 生物安全学报, 1995(1): 13-18. |
| [41] | 申曙光, 高玉嘉. 不同植物类型昆虫群落结构的研究[J]. 河北农业大学学报, 1997(4): 61-65. |
| [42] | 陈永林. 新疆维吾尔自治区的蝗虫研究蝗虫的分布(续) [J]. 昆虫学报, 1981, 24(2): 17-27. |
| [43] | 魏永平. 黄土高原苹果园植物多样性对果园昆虫群落的影响[D]: [博士学位论文]. 咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2011. |
| [44] | 李丽丽, 赵成章, 殷翠琴, 等. 黑河上游天然草地蝗虫物种丰富度与地形关系的GAM分析[J]. 昆虫学报, 2011, 54(11): 1312-1318. |
| [45] | 杨贵军, 贾龙, 张建英, 等. 宁夏贺兰山拟步甲科昆虫分布与地形的关系[J]. 环境昆虫学报, 2016, 38(1): 77-86. |
| [46] | 杨益春, 杨贵军, 王杰. 地形对贺兰山步甲群落物种多样性分布格局的影响[J]. 昆虫学报, 2017, 60(9): 1060-1073. |
| [47] | 陈兵, 康乐. 昆虫对环境温度胁迫的适应与种群分化[J]. 自然科学进展, 2005, 15(3): 265-271. |
| [48] | 陈丽芳, 邵东华, 段景攀, 等. 温度对昆虫的影响[J]. 内蒙古林业科技, 2015, 41(2): 57-61. |
| [49] | 陈法军, 翟保平, 张孝羲. 棉铃虫入土化蛹的生物学习性[J]. 植物保护, 2002, 28(1): 18-20. |
| [50] | 陈法军, 翟保平, 张孝羲. 棉铃虫蛹期土壤水分对其种群发生的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2003, 23(1): 112-121. |
| [51] | 常晓娜, 高慧璟, 陈法军, 等. 环境湿度和降雨对昆虫的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2008, 27(4): 619-625. |
| [52] | 章士美. 昆虫的分布区系[M]. 江西农业大学学报, 1984, 18(1): 11-20. |
| [53] | 张荣祖. 中国动物地理区划[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999. |
| [54] | 韩宝瑜. 茶园昆虫群落稳定性机制[J]. 茶叶科学, 2000, 20(1): 1-4. |
