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Medical Diagnosis 2021
单细胞RNA测序技术及其在胚胎发育中的应用进展
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Abstract:
胚胎发育是一个复杂的过程，其受一系列细胞行为所调控。细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位，细胞命运的决定属于单细胞水平的过程。胚胎发育早期细胞数量有限，这是研究早期基因调控机理的一个重要问题。单细胞RNA测序是一种在单细胞水平上进行高通量测序分析的新技术，其显著提高了人们对细胞、组织与器官复杂性的认识。早期胚胎发育是胚胎发育的关键阶段，单细胞RNA测序技术的应用，不仅可发现胚胎发育早期的一些关键基因，而且还可构建器官发育的基因表达图谱，阐明各种细胞类型及其在细胞分化过程中的相互关系。同时单细胞RNA测序技术的广泛应用能够反映细胞间的异质性，从而有利于揭示疾病发生发展机制。本文综述了该技术与其近年来在胚胎发育中的应用进展，这有助于今后胚胎发育的基础研究以及指导临床相关疾病的诊治。
Embryonic development is a complex process which is regulated by a series of cellular behaviors. Cell is the fundamental unit of the structure and function of lives. The cell fate is a process that is decided at the single-cell level. The limited number of cells in the early stages of embryonic de-velopment is a challenge for studying early gene regulation. Single-cell sequencing is a new tech-nology for high-throughput sequencing analysis at the single-cell level. It has significantly increased the understanding of the complexity of cells, tissues and organs. Early embryonic development is the key stage of embryonic development. The application of single cell RNA sequencing technology can not only discover some key genes in early embryonic development, but also construct gene expression maps of organ development, and clarify various cell types and their relationships in the process of cell differentiation. The widespread application of single-cell RNA sequencing technology is reflecting the heterogeneity between cells, which is conducive to revealing the occurrence of disease development mechanism. This article reviews the technology and the application of single-cell RNA sequencing in embryonic development in recent years. It benefits embryonic development basic scientific research and guides the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases with embryonic development.
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