Agrotechnical assessment of struvite produced by a lab-scale sedimentation unit is performed. As a source of phosphates and ammonia, liquor obtained through dewatering of Мunicipal wastewater treatment plant sludge was in use. The range of phosphates and ammonia was in the range of 130 - 250 and 380 - 560 mg/L, respectively. Seawater brine with a magnesium concentration of around 60 g Mg2+/L was applied as a source of magnesium. The agrotechnical characteristics of struvite obtained were compared to ammonium nitrate and carbamide in regards to the productivity effects on maize hybrid P9241. The results show that the effectiveness of struvite and some commercial fertilizers is quite close. The highest yield in the experiment was achieved with the application of carbamide plus ammonium nitrate (56.64 kg/ha), while in applying struvite solely it is 54.60 kg/ha. The highest protein content of maize (9.7%) was observed in the case of struvite/ammonium nitrate application.
References
[1]
Vogel, C., Rivard, C., Wilken V, Muskolus, A. and Adam, C. (2018) Performance of Secondary P-Fertilizers in Pot Experiments Analyzed by Phosphorus X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) Spectroscopy. Ambio, 47, 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0973-z
[2]
Wzorek, Z. (2006) Alternative Phosphorus Raw Materials. Przemys? Chemiczny, 85, 880-882.
[3]
Bouropoulos, N. and Koutsoukos, P. (2000) Spontaneous Precipitation of Struvite from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Crystal Growth, 213, 381-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00351-1
[4]
Nenov, V., Peeva, G., Yemendzhiev, H. and Stancheva, M. (2020) Phosphorus Consumption. From Linear to Circular Flow. Morrocan Journal of Chemistry, 8, 819-829.
[5]
Ponce, G. and Garcia-Lopez, R. (2007) Evaluation of Struvite as a Fertilizer: A Comparison with Traditional P Sources. Agrochimica, 51, 301-308.
[6]
Ryu, H.D., Lim, C.S., Kang, M.K. and Lee, S.I. (2012) Evaluation of Struvite Obtained from Semiconductor Wastewater as a Fertilizer in Cultivating Chinese Cabbage. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 221-222, 248-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.038
[7]
Gaterell, M.R., Gay, R., Wilson, R., Gochin, R.J. and Lester, J.N. (2000) An Economic and Environmental Evaluation of the Opportunities for Substituting Phosphorus Recovered from Wastewater Treatment Works in Existing UK Fertilizer Markets. Environmental Technology, 21, 1067-1084. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332108618050
[8]
Diwani, G.E., Rafie, S.E., Ibiari, N.N.E. and El-Aila, H.I. (2007) Recovery of Ammonia Nitrogen from Industrial Wastewater Treatment as Struvite Slow Releasing Fertilizer. Desalination, 214, 200-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.08.019
[9]
Vandecasteele, B., Amery, F., Ommeslag, S., Vanhoutte, K., Visser, R., Robbens, J. Caroline De Tender, C. and Debode, J. (2021) Chemically Versus Thermally Processed Brown Shrimp Shells or Chinese Mitten Crab as a Source of Chitin, Nutrients or Salts and as Microbial Stimulant in Soilless Strawberry Cultivation. Science of The Total Environment, 771, Article ID: 145263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145263
[10]
Lindsay, W.L. (1979) Chemical Equilibria in Soils. 2001 Reprint, The Blackburn Press, New Jersey, USA.
[11]
Massey, M.S., Davis, J.G., Sheffield, R.E. and Ippolito, J.A. (2007) Struvite Production from Dairy Wastewater and Its Potential as a Fertilizer for Organic Production in Calcareous Soils. International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. Broomfield, USA, 16-19 September 2007.
[12]
Uysal, A., Yilmazel, Y.D. and Demirer, G.N. (2010) The Determination of Fertilizer Quality of the Formed Struvite from Effluent of a Sewage Sludge Anaerobic Digester. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 181, 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.004
[13]
Zheng, F., Huang, C.H. and Norton, L.D. (2004) Effects of Near-Surface Hydraulic Gradients on Nitrate and Phosphorus Losses in Surface Runoff. Journal of Environmental Quality, 33, 2174-2182. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.2174
[14]
Shu, L., Schneider, P., Jegatheesan, V. and Johnson, J. (2006) An Economic Evaluation of Phosphorus Recovery as Struvite from Digester Supernatant. Bioresource Technology, 97, 2211-2216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.11.005
[15]
Talboys, P.J., Heppell, J., Roose, T., Healey, J., Jones, D. and Withers, P. (2016) Struvite: A Slow-Release Fertiliser for Sustainable Phosphorus Management? Plant and Soil, 401, 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2747-3
[16]
Yetilmezsoy, К., Ilhan, F., Kocak, E. and Akbin H. (2017) Feasibility of Struvite Recovery Process for Fertilizer Industry: A Study of Financial and Economic Analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 152, 88-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.106
[17]
Lu, Q., He, Z.L. and Stoffella, P.J. (2012) Land Application of Biosolids in the USA: A Review. Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2012, Article ID: 201462. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/201462
[18]
Le Corre, K.S., Valsami-Jones, E., Hobbs, P. and Parsons, S.A. (2005) Impact of Calcium on Struvite Crystal Size, Shape and Purity. Journal of Crystal Growth, 283, 514-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.06.012
