全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Utilization of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevention Services, and Associated Factors among the Long-Distance Truck Drivers along the Northern Corridor Highway, Kenya

DOI: 10.4236/asm.2021.113003, PP. 39-58

Keywords: Utilization, Factors, Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/STI Services, Long-Distance Truck Drivers, Northern Corridor Highway, Kenya

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Background: Often, long-distance truck drivers’ (LDTDs’) work predisposes them to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) whose outcomes are influenced by access and behavior of seeking sexual health care. Methodology: In this study, we assessed the utilization of HIV/STI preventive services and associated factors among 296 LDTDs operating along the northern corridor highway using an interviewer-administered questionnaire for data collection at Mlolongo stopover in Machakos, Kenya. Responses for the investigated variables, including condom use, history of HIV testing, frequency of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) use and follow-up for the HIV positive and STI treatment, were assigned a score of either 1 or 0 depending on the question’s dimension. Following summing up for each participant, we computed a weighted score ranging between 0 and 1 by dividing the summed responses by the number of eligible variables. We arbitrarily multiplied these scores by 8 to generate endpoint scores ranging from one to eight for each participant to help create a dichotomized outcome variable for utilization levels: limited utilization (1 to 4) and good utilization (5 to 8). Association between certain independent variables and the outcome variable (level of utilization of H.I.V./STIs preventive services) was analyzed using binomial logistic regression analysis in R statistical software. Results: The mean age of the LDTDs was 38.4 years, ranging from 24 - 57 years. The majority (n = 287, 97%) of the LDTDs had been tested on HIV at least once since the beginning of their career. Only 4.9% of the LDTDs had been tested on HIV within the previous three months. Of the 175 LDTDs who reported a history of STI, most (n = 173, 98.9%) of them had sought treatment. Condom use rates were higher (97.1%) among the LDTDs who had sexual interactions with casual sexual partners compared to 47.2% among regular sexual partners. Analyses classed most of the respondents (n = 231, 78.0%) as having good utilization, while the rest (22%) had limited utilization. History of STI was independently associated with utilizing HIV/STI preventive services (OR 8.4; 95% CI; 4.5, 16.7; P < 0.001).

References

[1]  Makhakhe, N.F., Lane, T., McIntyre, J. and Struthers, H. (2017) Sexual Transactions between Long Distance Truck Drivers and Female Sex Workers in South Africa. Global Health Action, 10, Article ID: 1346164.
https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2017.1346164
[2]  Apostolopoulos, Y., Sönmez, S., Shattell, M.M. and Belzer, M. (2010) Worksite-Induced Morbidities among Truck Drivers in the United States. Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, 58, 285-296.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F216507991005800703
[3]  Lalla-Edward, S.T., Ncube, S., Matthew, P., Hankins, C.A., Venter, W.F. and Gomez, G.B. (2017) Uptake of Health Services among Truck Drivers in South Africa: Analysis of Routine Data from Nine Roadside Wellness Centres. BMC Health Services Research, 17, Article No. 649.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2595-3
[4]  Botão, C., Horth, R.Z., Frank, H., Cummings, B., Inguane, C., Sathane, I., McFarland, W., Fisher Raymond, H. and Young, P.W. (2016) Prevalence of HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Long Distance Truck Drivers in Inchope, Mozambique, 2012. AIDS and Behavior, 20, 811-820.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1194-8
[5]  Yaya, I., Landoh, D.E., Saka, B., Vignikin, K., Aboubakari, A.-S., N’dri, K.M., et al. (2016) Consistent Condom Use during Casual Sex among Long-Truck Drivers in Togo. PLoS ONE, 11, e0153264.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153264
[6]  Atilola, G.O., Akpa, O.M. and Komolafe, I.O.O. (2010) HIV/AIDS and the Long-Distance Truck Drivers in South-West Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Knowledge, Attitude, Risk Behaviour and Beliefs of Truckers. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 3, 166-178.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2010.08.002
[7]  Kelvin, E.A., George, G., Kinyanjui, S., Mwai, E., Romo, M.L., Oruko, F., Odhiambo, J.O., Nyaga, E.N., Mantell, J.E. and Govender, K. (2019) Announcing the Availability of oral HIV Self-Test Kits via Text Message to Increase HIV Testing among Hard-to-Reach Truckers in Kenya: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Public Health, 19, Article No. 7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6345-1
[8]  Ishtiaq, R., Asif, A., Jamil, A.R., Irfan, A. and Ishtiaq, D. (2017) Knowledge and Attitude about Sexually Transmitted Infections amongst Truck Drivers in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Cureus, 9, Article No. e1118.
https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.1118
[9]  McCree, D.H., Cosgrove, S., Stratford, D., Valway, S., Keller, N., Vega-Hernandez, J. and Jenison, S.A. (2010) Sexual and Drug Use Risk Behaviors of Long-Haul Truck Drivers and Their Commercial Sex Contacts in New Mexico. Public Health Reports, 125, 52-60.
https://doi.org/10.1177%2F003335491012500108
[10]  Michalopoulos, L.M., Ncube, N., Simona, S.J., Kansankala, B., Sinkala, E. and Raidoo, J. (2016) A Qualitative Study of Migrant-Related Stressors, Psychosocial Outcomes and HIV Risk Behaviour among Truck Drivers in Zambia. African Journal of AIDS Research, 15, 219-226.
https://doi.org/10.2989/16085906.2016.1179653
[11]  Gachohi, J., Aduda, J., Thuo, R., Mung’atu, J., Wamunyokoli, F., Ngigi, T., et al. (2020) Public Health Challenges Posed by Delays in Obtaining COVID-19 Clearance for Long-Distance Truckers across East Africa. Global Epidemiology, 2, Article ID: 100039.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100039
[12]  Ramjee, G. and Gouws, E. (2002) Prevalence of HIV among Truck Drivers Visiting Sex Workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 29, 44-49.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007435-200201000-00008
[13]  Knowledge Management & Communications Capacity (KMMC) (2014) Most at Risk Populations—Long Distance Truck Drivers and HIV/AIDS in Uganda: Synthesis of Information and Evidence to Inform the Response.
https://www.comminit.com/hiv-aids/content/long-distance-truck-drivers-and-hivaids-uganda-synthesis-information-and-evidence-inform
[14]  Rakwar, J., Lavreys, L., Thompson, M.L., Jackson, D., Bwayo, J., Hassanali, S., Mandaliya, K., Ndinya-Achola, J. and Kreiss, J. (1999) Cofactors for the Acquisition of HIV-1 among Heterosexual Men: Prospective Cohort Study of Trucking Company Workers in Kenya. AIDS, 13, 607-614.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199904010-00010
[15]  Laukamm-Josten, U., Mwizarubi, B.K., Outwater, A., Mwaijonga, C.L., Valadez, J.J., Nyamwaya, D., Swai, R., Saidel, T. and Nyamuryekung’e, K. (2000) Preventing HIV Infection through Peer Education and Condom Promotion among Truck Drivers and Their Sexual Partners in Tanzania, 1990-1993. AIDS Care, 12, 27-40.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120047440
[16]  Strauss, M., George, G., Mantell, J.E., Romo, M.L., Mwai, E., Nyaga, E.N., Odhiambo, J.O., Govender, K. and Kelvin, E.A. (2018) Stated and Revealed Preferences for HIV Testing: Can Oral Self-Testing Help to Increase Uptake amongst Truck Drivers in Kenya? BMC Public Health, 18, Article No. 1231.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6122-1
[17]  Ferguson, A.G. and Morris, C.N. (2007) Mapping Transactional Sex on the Northern Corridor Highway in Kenya. Health & Place, 13, 504-519.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2006.05.009
[18]  World Health Organization (2013) HIV Testing, Treatment and Prevention: Generic Tools for Operational Research. World Health Organization, Geneva.
https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/operational/generic/en/
[19]  Choi, B.C.K. and Pak, A.W.P. (2005) A Catalog of Biases in Questionnaires. Preventing Chronic Disease, 2, A13.
[20]  Oppenheim, A.N. (2000) Questionnaire Design, Interviewing and Attitude Measurement. 2nd Edition, Continuum, New York.
[21]  Perneger, T.V., Courvoisier, D.S., Hudelson, P.M. and Gayet-Ageron, A. (2015) Sample Size for Pre-Tests of Questionnaires. Quality of Life Research, 24, 147-151.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-014-0752-2
[22]  R Core Team (2018) The R Project for Statistical Computing.
https://www.r-project.org/
[23]  Song, M.-K., Lin, F.-C., Ward, S.E. and Fine, J.P. (2013) Composite Variables: When and How. Nursing Research, 62, 45-49.
https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0b013e3182741948
[24]  Romo, M.L., George, G., Mantell, J.E., Mwai, E., Nyaga, E., Strauss, M., Odhiambo, J.O., Govender, K. and Kelvin, E.A. (2019) Depression and Sexual Risk Behavior among Long-Distance Truck Drivers at Roadside Wellness Clinics in Kenya. PeerJ, 7, e7253.
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7253
[25]  United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2020) Global HIV & AIDS Statistics—2020 Fact Sheet.
https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/fact-sheet
[26]  Katz, D.A., Dombrowski, J.C., Kerani, R.P., Aubin, M.R., Kern, D.A., Heal, D.D., Bell, T.R. and Golden, M.R. (2016) Integrating HIV Testing as an Outcome of STD. Partner Services for Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS Patient Care and STDs, 30, 208-214.
https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2016.0027
[27]  Sunmola, A.M. (2005) Sexual Practices, Barriers to Condom Use and Its Consistent Use among Long Distance Truck Drivers in Nigeria. AIDS Care, 17, 208-221.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09540120512331325699
[28]  Fernández-Balbuena, S., Hoyos, J., Rosales-Statkus, M. E., Nardone, A., Vallejo, F., Ruiz, M., et al. (2016) Low HIV Testing Uptake Following Diagnosis of a Sexually Transmitted Infection in Spain: Implications for the Implementation of Efficient Strategies to Reduce the Undiagnosed HIV Epidemic. AIDS Care, 28, 677-683.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2015.1123808
[29]  Mutale, L.S., Chola, M., Chongwe, G., Kasongo, W., Mwakazanga, D.K., Owiny, M., Ajumobi, O.O. and Jacobs, C.N. (2018) Uptake of HIV Testing and Its Associated Factors among Long-Distance Truck Drivers in Zambia, 2015. Journal of Interventional Epidemiology and Public Health, 1, Article No. 8.
https://www.afenet-journal.net/content/article/1/8/full/
[30]  Bradley, H., Asbel, L., Bernstein, K., Mattson, M., Pathela, P., Mohamed, M., Samuel, M.C., Schwebke, J., Stenger, M., Tabidze, I., Zenilman, J., Dowell, D. and Weinstock, H. (2013) HIV Testing among Patients Infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: STD. Surveillance Network, United States, 2009-2010. AIDS and Behavior, 17, 1205-1210.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-012-0304-0

Full-Text

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133