进口原油运输损耗成因分析
Analysis on the Causes of Transportation Loss of Imported Crude Oil

我国是世界第一大工业国，对能源消费的需求量极大，但本国能源供应存在缺口，高度依赖外部供应。根据海关与中国石油经济技术研究院的数据，2020年，我国石油表观需求增至1343万桶/日，原油进口量为1087万桶/日(5.42亿吨)，石油对外依存度已经上升到73.5%。进口原油的运输的方式以船运为主，其比例占总进口量的90%以上，而在国内卸港时储罐与长输管道的二次储运已经成为进口原油运输到炼厂的主要形式。降低进口原油的运输损耗，对于促进运输成本的降低具有积极意义。本文主要分析了进口原油运输损耗的原因，为进口原油相关交接执行、计量人员提供参考。
China is the world’s largest industrial country, which has a great demand for energy consumption, but its supply is highly dependent on external supply due to limited domestic production. According to the data of the customs and China Petroleum Economic and Technological Research Institute, in 2020, China’s demand for crude oil increased to 13.43 million barrels/day, the import volume of crude oil was 10.87 million barrels/day (542 million tons), and the dependence on for-eign oil rose to 73.5%. The transportation of imported crude oil is by crude tankers, which accounts for more than 90% of the total import volume. In the domestic discharge ports, shore tanks and long-distance pipelines have become the main mode of transportation of imported crude oil to refineries. Reducing the loss of imported crude oil is of positive significance to reduce the transportation cost. This article mainly analyzes the reasons for the loss of imported transportation and provides reference for the implementation of imported crude oil related handover and measurement personnel.