云南省中小河流悬移质泥沙计算模型研究
Study on Suspended Sediment Calculation Model of Medium and Small Rivers in Yunnan

云南山地中小河流众多，但许多流域内水文站较少，且很少进行泥沙观测，缺乏充足的泥沙资料，给水利工程设计和建设带来一定的困难。目前中小河流水库设计工作中泥沙大多以土壤侵蚀量近似代表河道输沙量进行泥沙计算，此方法明显较实际输沙量偏大不少，增加了无谓的工程成本，因此急需探讨一种精度较高的无资料地区河流输沙量估算方法。本研究基于流域的产沙机制，考察云南20个水文站的多年实测悬移质泥沙数据和流域内的土地利用、土壤分布等流域环境因素的关系，建立了计算河流输沙量的多元回归方程，为无水文站监测的小流域地区水库设计提供可信度较高的泥沙数据，亦为类似区域的输沙量估算提供参考。
There are many medium and small rivers in Yunnan mountainous areas. However, there are few hydrological stations in many basins, sediment observation is rarely carried out in these hydro-logical stations, which leads to the lack of sufficient sediment data, and brings some difficulty to the design and construction of water conservancy projects. At present, most of sediment data are approximately represented by soil erosion when design medium and small reservoir, which are larger than actual sediment discharge and increase the unnecessary engineering cost. Therefore, it’s urgent to find a method with high accuracy to estimate river sediment discharge in medium and small rivers. This study is based on sediment yield mechanism of basin, which analyzed the relationship between suspended sediment data from 20 hydrological stations in Yunnan and land-use, soil distribution and some other environmental factors, and established suspended sediment calculation model. This study provides reliable sediment data for reservoir design in small basin without hydrological station monitoring, and also provides reference for sediment discharge estimation in similar areas.