本文选择1981~2019年吐鲁番市高昌区气象局观测站降水量月值资料，对近39年吐鲁番市高昌区降水变化量特征进行分析。结果表明：近39年来吐鲁番市高昌区降水量总体上呈现出略微减少的变化趋势，气候倾向率为？0.689 mm/10a，平均每10年降水量大约减少约0.7 mm；吐鲁番市高昌区降水量年际变化波动起伏非常大，极易发生旱涝灾害，尤其是干旱年份特别多，年降水量不足20 mm的年份有27年，占69.23%。吐鲁番市高昌区一年各个月份均会出现降水天气，特别是5~10月份降水最为集中，该时间段平均降水量是10.9 mm，占年降水量的73.09%；降水最多的月份为6月，月平均降水量为2.9 mm，占年降水量的19.31%，2月降水量最少，月平均降水量仅为0.4 mm，占年平均降水量的2.55%；春季、夏季、秋季、冬季降水量分别占吐鲁番市高昌区年降水量的17.79%、46.31%、23.49%、11.41%；春、冬季两个季节降水量均呈增加变化趋势，冬季增加幅度比春季大；而夏季、秋季降水量均呈减少变化趋势，秋季减少幅度比夏季减少幅度大。
This paper selects the monthly precipitation data from the observation station of Gaochang District Meteorological Bureau of Turpan City from 1981 to 2019 to analyze the characteristics of precipitation changes in Gaochang District of Turpan City in the past 39 years. The results show that in the past 39 years, the precipitation in Gaochang District of Turpan City has shown a slight decreasing trend. The climate tendency rate is ？0.689 mm/10a, and the average precipitation is reduced by about 0.7 mm every 10 years; the inter-annual variation of precipitation in Gaochang District, Turpan City fluctuates greatly, and it is very prone to droughts and floods, especially in drought years. There are 27 years when the annual precipitation is less than 20 mm, accounting for 69.23%. In Gaochang District, Turpan City, there will be precipitation weather in every month of the year, especially the most concentrated precipitation from May to October. The average precipitation during this period is 10.9 mm, accounting for 73.09% of the annual precipitation; the most precipitation month is June. The monthly average precipitation is 2.9 mm, accounting for 19.31% of the annual precipitation. February has the least precipitation. The monthly average precipitation is only 0.4 mm, accounting for 2.55% of the annual average precipitation; the precipitation in spring, summer, autumn and winter accounted for 17.79%, 46.31%, 23.49%, and 11.41% of the annual precipitation in Gaochang District, Turpan City, respectively; the precipitations in spring and winter both show an increasing trend, and the increase in winter is larger than that in spring; the precipitations in summer and autumn show a decreasing trend, the decrease in autumn is larger than the decrease in summer.
