匿名性与大学生网络欺凌行为：网络欺凌态度和移情的中介效应
The Effect of Anonymity on Cyberbullying Perpetration: The Mediating Role of Cyberbullying Attitudes and Empathy

DOI: 10.12677/AP.2021.114098, PP. 853-863

Keywords: 网络欺凌行为，网络欺凌态度，匿名性，移情
Cyberbullying Perpetration, Cyberbullying Attitudes, Anonymity, Empathy

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

目的：探索匿名性对大学生网络欺凌行为的影响，以及网络欺凌态度、认知移情和情感移情对此二者关系的中介作用。方法：采用线上线下结合的方式，随机抽取1006名大学生为被试，使用网络态度欺凌问卷、网络匿名性测量量表、基本移情量表和受网络欺凌行为问卷进行调查。结果：① 网络欺凌行为与受网络欺凌行为、网络欺凌态度、匿名性均显著正相关，与认知移情和情感移情显著负相关；② 网络欺凌态度、匿名性对网络欺凌行为有显著正向预测作用，认知移情对网络欺凌行为有显著负向预测作用；③网络欺凌态度、认知移情和情感移情在匿名性和网络欺凌行为中起中介作用。结论：匿名性直接影响网络欺凌行为，也能通过网络欺凌态度和移情影响网络欺凌行为。
Objective: To explore the relationship between anonymity and cyberbullying perpetration on undergraduates, as well as the moderating effects of cyberbullying attitude, cognitive empathy and emotional empathy on the relationship between anonymity and cyberbullying perpetration. Methods: As sample of 1006 under graduates were randomly recruited as participants both online and outline. They were tested with the Cyberbullying Attitudes Measure, Cyberbullying Anonymity questionnaire, Basic Empathy Scale, cyber victim and bullying scale (revised version). Results: 1) Cyberbullying perpetration was positively correlated with cyberbullying victim, cyberbullying attitudes and anonymity, and negatively correlated with cognitive empathy and emotional empathy. 2) Cyberbullying attitudes and anonymity have significant positive predictive effect on cyberbullying perpetration, while cognitive empathy has significant negative predictive effect on cyberbullying perpetration. 3) Cyberbullying attitudes, cognitive empathy and emotional empathy play mediating roles in anonymity and cyberbullying perpetration. Conclusion: Anonymity directly affects cyberbullying perpetration, and it can also affect cyberbullying perpetration through cyberbullying attitudes and empathy.

References

[1]	李扬(2016). 网络欺凌的形成机制及其治理. 硕士学位论文, 济南: 山东师范大学.
[2]	石绪亮, 朱亚, 张耀倩, 等(2020). 大学生网络受欺凌经历与自杀行为的关系: 睡眠障碍与抑郁症状的链式中介作用. 中国临床心理学杂志, 28(6), 1125-1129.
[3]	吴陈(2019). 网络匿名性对消费者非伦理行为形成的影响机制研究. 硕士学位论文, 武汉: 武汉理工大学.
[4]	尤阳(2013). 受网络欺凌行为问卷的修订及其影响因素的分析. 硕士学位论文, 金华: 浙江师范大学.
[5]	中国互联网络信息中心(2020). 第46次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/202009/29/content_5548175.htm
[6]	Aboujaoude, E., Savage, M. W., Starcevic, V. et al. (2015). Cyberbullying: Review of an Old Problem Gone Viral. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.04.011
[7]	Ang, R. P., Li, X., & Seah, S. L. (2017). The Role of Normative Beliefs about Aggression in the Relationship between Empathy and Cyberbullying. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 48, 1138-1152. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116678928
[8]	Barlett, C. P. (2015). Anonymously Hurting Others Online: The Effect of Anonymity on Cyberbullying Frequency. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 4, 70-79. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034335
[9]	Barlett, C. P., & Gentile, D. A. (2012). Attacking Others Online: The Formation of Cyberbullying in Late Adolescence. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 1, 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028113
[10]	Barlett, C. P., Gentile, D. A., & Chew, C. (2016). Predicting Cyberbullying from Anonymity. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5, 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000055
[11]	Barlett, C. P., Gentile, D. A., Chng, G. et al. (2018). Social Media Use and Cyberbullying Perpetration: A Longitudinal Analysis. Violence and Gender, 5, 191-197. https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0047
[12]	Barlett, C. P., Gentile, D. A., Li, D. et al. (2019). Predicting Cyberbullying Behavior from Attitudes: A 3-Year Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis of Singaporean Youth. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 31, 81-91. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000231
[13]	Barlett, C. P., Helmstetter, K., & Gentile, D. A. (2016). The Development of a New Cyberbullying Attitude Measure. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 906-913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.08.013
[14]	Barlett, C. P., Seyfert, L. W., Simmers, M. M. et al. (2020). Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences in the Theoretical Predictors of Cyberbullying Perpetration: Results from a Seven-Country Study. Aggressive Behavior, 47, 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21923
[15]	Barlett, C., Chamberlin, K., & Witkower, Z. (2017). Predicting Cyberbullying Perpetration in Emerging Adults: A Theoretical Test of the Barlett Gentile Cyberbullying Model. Aggressive Behavior, 43, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21670
[16]	Barlińska, J., Szuster, A., & Winiewski, M. (2015). The Role of Short- and Long-Term Cognitive Empathy Activation in Preventing Cyberbystander Reinforcing Cyberbullying Behavior. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 18, 241-244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0412
[17]	Barlińska, J., Szuster, A., & Winiewski, M. (2018). Cyberbullying among Adolescent Bystanders: Role of Affective versus Cognitive Empathy in Increasing Prosocial Cyberbystander Behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 799. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00799
[18]	Blair, R. J. R. (2005). Responding to the Emotions of Others: Dissociating Forms of Empathy through the Study of Typical and Psychiatric Populations. Consciousness and Cognition, 14, 698-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2005.06.004
[19]	Boulton, M., Lloyd, J., Down, J. et al. (2012). Predicting Undergraduates’ Self-Reported Engagement in Traditional and Cyberbullying from Attitudes. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15, 141-147. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0369
[20]	Chen, L., Wang, Y. D., Yang, H. Z. et al. (2020). Emotional Warmth and Cyberbullying Perpetration Attitudes in College Students: Mediation of Trait Gratitude and Empathy. PLoS ONE, 15, e0235477. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235477
[21]	Cuff, B. M. P., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L. et al. (2016). Empathy: A Review of the Concept. Emotion Review, 8, 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914558466
[22]	Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2006). Development and Validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 589-611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.08.010
[23]	Kowalski, R. M., Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N. et al. (2014). Bullying in the Digital Age: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying Research among Youth. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 1073-1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618
[24]	Slonje, R., & Smith, P. K. (2008). Cyberbullying: Another Main Type of Bullying? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 147-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00611.x
[25]	Steffgen, G., Konig, A., Pfetsch, J. et al. (2011). Are Cyberbulliesless Empathic? Adolescents’ Cyberbullying Behavior and Empathic Responsiveness. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 643-648. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0445
[26]	Sticca, F., & Perren, S. (2013). Is Cyberbullying Worse than Traditional Bullying? Examining the Differential Roles of Medium, Publicity, and Anonymity for the Perceived Severity of Bullying. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 42, 739-750. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9867-3
[27]	Tokunaga, R. S. (2009). Following You Home from School: A Critical Review and Synthesis of Research on Cyberbullying Victimization. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 277-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.11.014
[28]	Vandebosch, H., & Van Cleemput, K. (2008). Defining Cyberbullying: A Qualitative Research into the Perceptions of Youngsters. Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society, 11, 499-503. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0042
[29]	Wispe, L. (1986). The Distinction between Sympathy and Empathy: To Call Forth a Concept, a Word Is Needed. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 314-321. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.50.2.314
[30]	Wright, M. F. (2013). The Relationship between Young Adults’ Beliefs about Anonymity and Subsequent Cyber Aggression. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 858-862. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2013.0009
[31]	Zych, I., Baldry, A. C., Farrington, D. P. et al. (2019). Are Children Involved in Cyberbullying Low on Empathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Research on Empathy versus Different Cyberbullying Roles. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 45, 83-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.03.004

Full-Text