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Material Sciences 2021
高熵合金制备与力学性能研究进展
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Abstract:
高熵合金由多种元素以等原子比或近似等原子比组成，突破了原有金属材料对主元的限制，微观结构独特。作为一种新型金属材料，其具有高强度、高硬度、耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和高温稳定性等优良性能，得到了研究人员的广泛关注。最早采用的真空熔炼法已在制备高熵合金领域非常成熟；机械合金化技术则突破了元素熔点的差异，扩大了元素选择范围；而表面工程技术减少了原料投入，更利于工业生产。近些年来，学者们对于高熵合金性能的强化机理进行了更深入讨论，侧重分析微观结构调控对其性能的影响。本文综述了近些年高熵合金的制备方法，包括真空熔炼法、机械合金化技术、表面工程技术法等，并对高熵合金力学性能的研究进展进行了说明，简单展望了其未来研究前景。
High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are multicomponent alloys containing several principle elements (usually ≥ 5) in equiatomic or near equiatomic ratio, breaking through the limitation of the original metal material, and has unique microstructure. HEAs, a new type of metal material, possess a lot of distinguished properties, such as high strength, high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and high temperature stability, which attract wide attention from researchers. The vacuum smelting method, the earliest used method, has been very mature in the field of preparing HEAs; Mechanical alloying technology breaks through the difference of element melting point and enlarges the range of element selection; The surface engineering technology reduces the input of raw materials and is more conducive to industrial production. In recent years, scholars have conducted more in-depth discussions on the strengthening mechanism of HEAs performance, focusing on the analysis of the influence of microstructure regulation on its performance. In this paper, the preparation methods of HEAs in recent years, including vacuum melting, mechanical alloying, surface coating engineering, etc., are reviewed. The present research status of mechanical properties of HEAs is described, and the future development of high entropy alloys is prospected.
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