风切变的预报是航空气象中的一个重点，但是由于其突发性强、持续时间短且尺度小等特点，预报难度较大。本研究利用2011~2019年乌鲁木齐机场航空器空中报告、跑道自动观测系统(AWOS)数据对乌鲁木齐机场风切变特征进行分析，结果表明：乌鲁木齐机场空中风切变主要发生在1500米以下，4月和5月是多发时期，主要发生时段为10:00~17:00，东南风和强对流天气是造成风切变的两个主要原因。进一步分析AWOS的风数据发现除跑道两端风速差外，风向差大于30？时跑道两端的风速和可以作为跑道水平风切变是否超过安全阈值的另一个判据。
The forecast of wind shear is key point in aviation meteorology, but it is difficult to forecast due to its strong suddenness, short duration and small scale. The characteristics of wind shear are analyzed on the basis of aircraft air report and the real-time AWOS data from airport runways at the Urumqi international airport from 2011 to 2019. The results show: the wind shear mainly occurs below 1500 m, in April and May, and 10:00~17:00 in a day, and the southeast wind and strong convective weather are the two main causes of wind shear. Further analysis of AWOS wind data found that in addition to the difference in wind velocity between two ends of the runway at the same time, the sum of wind speeds at both ends of the runway when the difference in wind direction is greater than 30？ can be used as another criterion for whether the horizontal wind shear of the runway exceeds the safety threshold.
