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自豪感：基于自我意识的积极情绪
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Abstract:
自豪感是基于自我意识的积极情绪，指个体因为达到自我目标或社会标准、完成了某个成功事件而产生的积极情感体验。自豪感和骄傲、自尊以及自我效能感等积极情绪有相似之处，但需要加以辨析，它会受到年龄、文化以及社会比较等因素的影响，进而会对个体的认知、幸福感以及行为产生影响。情绪具有动机功能，影响个体的认知和行为。自豪作为一种自我参照情绪，可以改变个体的时间偏好，影响个体对地位和地位的认知，激发幸福感、信任行为和亲社会行为。然而傲慢自大会增加个人的偏见，加强周围人的嫉妒。未来的研究关键在于自豪感测量的本土化改进，并且考虑个体差异性，区分自大自豪与真实自豪；成人自豪和儿童自豪的区别，以及进一步研究以探讨自豪感这种自我反思和情感处理所涉及的心理表征和神经系统的本质。
Pride is a positive emotion based on self-awareness, also is positive affective experiences of individual achieved self-set goal or social standard and completed successful event. Only humans could think about a person’s thoughts and feelings, therefore it is thought to be a uniquely human experience of positive emotions. Pride has similar aspects with positive mood of proud, self-esteem and self-efficacy which needs to be discriminated. Pride is determined by various factors such as age, cultural and social comparison, and then affects individual cognition, happiness and behavior. Emotions have the function of motivation and affect individual cognition and behavior. Pride as self-re- ferential emotion could change the individual’s time preference, affect the cognition of status and position, inspire happiness, trust behavior and prosocial behavior. However, hubristic pride will increase the individual’s prejudice and strengthen the envy of the people around. The key issues of future studies on pride are the localization of measures of pride, and consider individual differences. Also, we have to distinguish pride from hubristic pride authentic pride, the difference between adult pride and child pride, and to further confirm the mental representation and the nature of the nervous system involved in such self-reflection and emotional processing.
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