|
|
社交网络自我呈现与主观幸福感：心理机制与边界条件
|
Abstract:
社交网络已成为大多数人生活中必不可少的一部分，越来越多的人通过社交网络进行自我呈现，以满足个体的内部需求和与他人交往的需要。研究表明，社交网络中的自我呈现可以影响个体的主观幸福感，但影响的具体方向和机制不尽相同。本研究对该领域相关文献进行系统梳理，归纳出社交网络自我呈现影响主观幸福感在个体层面和社会交往层面的心理机制。此外，从个人层面和情境层面两个角度出发，总结社交网络自我呈现影响主观幸福感的边界条件。最后总结该领域目前存在的不足，并从概念界定、社交平台多样性、被试广度、其他潜在机制四个角度提出未来研究的方向。
Nowadays, social network has become one of the necessary parts of people’s life. More and more people tend to presenting themselves through social network in order to meet intrapersonal as well as interpersonal needs. Empirically, a large scale of previous studies illustrated that self-pre- sentation on social networks may affect individuals’ subjective well-being level. However, more elaborate examination needs to be performed to further explore the direction and mechanism of the relationship between self-representation on social networks and subjective well-being. The current paper systematically reviews recent studies on the link between online self-representation and subjective well-being, summarizing the potential psychological mechanisms of into two domains: individuals’ level and social interaction level. For the boundary conditions, we summarized the factors into two perspectives: individual and context. Finally, we pointed the limitations of previous studies and proposed future research directions about self-representation on social networks and subjective well-being from four perspectives: differentiating the related concepts, considering the diversity of social platforms, broadening the scopes of participants, and identifying other potential mechanisms.
| [1] | 鲍娜(2014). 社交网站中的自我呈现与自尊的关系. 硕士学位论文, 武汉: 华中师范大学. |
| [2] | 陈必忠(2018). 社交网站积极自我呈现与主观幸福感: 多重中介模型. 心理技术与应用, 6(9), 528-536.
https://doi.org/10.16842/j.cnki.issn2095-5588.2018.09.003 |
| [3] | 陈必忠, 郑雪(2020). 社交媒体积极自我呈现与生活满意度: 自我效能感和乐商的中介作用. 南京中医药大学学报(社会科学版), 1, 53-57. |
| [4] | 陈浩, 赖凯声, 董颖红, 付萌, 乐国安(2013). 社交网络(SNS)中的自我呈现及其影响因素. 心理学探新, 33(6), 541-553.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-5184.2013.06.011 |
| [5] | 陈小异, 李明蔚(2014). 大学生主观幸福感与心理健康研究. 重庆大学学报(社会科学版), 20(3), 178-183.
https://doi.org/10.11835/j.issn.1008-5831.2014.03.026 |
| [6] | 崔曦曦, 孙晓军, 牛更枫(2016). 社交网站中的自我呈现对青少年友谊质量的影响: 积极反馈的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 32(3), 294-300. https://doi.org/10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2016.03.05 |
| [7] | 冯秋梅(2016). 大学生社交网站自我呈现、自尊、主观幸福感的现状及其关系研究. 硕士学位论文, 桂林: 广西师范大学. |
| [8] | 郭薇, 刘连龙(2014). 心理资本、社会支持对老年人主观幸福感的影响. 中国健康心理学杂志, 22(7), 1054-1056.
https://doi.org/10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2014.07.038 |
| [9] | 何丹, 连帅磊(2017). 社交网站自我呈现对青少年主观幸福感的影响: 线上社会资本的作用. 校园心理, 15(5), 335-338.
https://doi.org/10.19521/j.cnki.1673-1662.2017.05.004 |
| [10] | 李姝(2020). 网络视频社交“Vlog”自我呈现研究. 硕士学位论文, 成都: 四川师范大学.
https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD202002&filename=1020747115.nh |
| [11] | 梁晓燕(2008). 网络社会支持对青少年心理健康的影响机制研究. 博士学位论文, 武汉: 华中师范大学. |
| [12] | 刘凯丽, 黄海, 万清祥(2020). 社交网站自我呈现对社会幸福感的影响: 社会支持与孤独感的链式中介作用. 中国健康心理学杂志, 28(5), 137-142. https://doi.org/10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2020.05.032 |
| [13] | 刘庆奇, 牛更枫, 范翠英, 周宗奎(2017). 被动性社交网站使用与自尊和自我概念清晰性: 有调节的中介模型. 心理学报, 49(1), 60-71. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2017.00060 |
| [14] | 毛良斌(2020). 社交媒体自我呈现与主观幸福感关系的元分析. 现代传播(中国传媒大学学报), 42(8), 141-148. |
| [15] | 孟男, 王玉慧, 雷雳(2017). 自拍照编辑与女大学生主观幸福感的关系: 积极反馈与自我概念的中介作用. 心理发展与教育, 33(6), 751-758. https://doi.org/10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2017.06.14 |
| [16] | 牛更枫, 鲍娜, 范翠英, 周宗奎, 孔繁昌, 孙晓军(2015a). 社交网站中的自我呈现对自尊的影响: 社会支持的中介作用. 心理科学, 38(4), 939-945. https://doi.org/10.16719/j.cnki.1671-6981.2015.04.025 |
| [17] | 牛更枫, 鲍娜, 周宗奎, 范翠英, 孔繁昌, 孙晓军(2015b). 社交网站中的自我呈现对生活满意度的影响: 积极情绪和社会支持的作用. 心理发展与教育, 31(5), 563-570. https://doi.org/10.16187/j.cnki.issn1001-4918.2015.05.07 |
| [18] | 牛更枫, 孙晓军, 周宗奎, 孔繁昌, 田媛(2016). 基于QQ空间的社交网站使用对青少年抑郁的影响: 上行社会比较和自尊的序列中介作用. 心理学报, 48(10), 1282-1291. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2016.01282 |
| [19] | 彭英(2019). 在职人员微信朋友圈自我呈现与主观幸福感的关系: 自尊的中介作用. 硕士学位论文, 重庆: 西南大学. |
| [20] | 时蓉华(2007). 现代社会心理学. 第2版. 上海: 华东师范大学出版社. |
| [21] | 田人睿(2016). 微信使用动机、自我呈现策略对人格判断的影响. 硕士学位论文, 武汉: 华中师范大学. |
| [22] | 王笑天(2013). 大学生社交网站自我呈现与使用强度的相关研究. 硕士学位论文, 广州: 广州大学. |
| [23] | 王卓娅(2012). 大学生网络社会支持、现实社会支持与主观幸福感的关系研究. 硕士学位论文, 西安: 陕西师范大学. |
| [24] | 邬心云(2020). 日志式个人博客的自我呈现心理研究. 博士学位论文, 武汉: 华中科技大学. |
| [25] | 熊猛, 叶一舵(2016). 相对剥夺感: 概念、测量、影响因素及作用. 心理科学进展, 24(3), 438-453.
https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1042.2016.00438 |
| [26] | 严标宾, 郑雪(2006). 大学生社会支持、自尊和主观幸福感的关系研究. 心理发展与教育, 22(3), 60-64.
https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4918.2006.03.011 |
| [27] | 杨兰(2019). 高中生社交网站中自我呈现对主观幸福感的影响. 硕士学位论文, 西安: 陕西师范大学. |
| [28] | 赵君哲, 王明辉(2019). 社交网站自我呈现与大学生生活满意度的关系: 自我概念清晰性的中介作用. 保定学院学报, 32(5), 126-131. https://doi.org/10.13747/j.cnki.bdxyxb.2019.05.018 |
| [29] | 朱薇(2018). 微信朋友圈中自我呈现与主观幸福感的关系: 社会支持的中介作用. 硕士学位论文, 南京: 南京师范大学. |
| [30] | Antoci, A., Sabatini, F., & Sodini, M. (2011). Bowling Alone but Tweeting Together: The Evolution of Human Interaction in the Social Networking Era. Quality & Quantity, 48, 1911-1927. |
| [31] | Barcena-Martin, E., Cortés-Aguilar, A., & Moro-Egido, A. I. (2017). Social Comparisons on Subjective Well-Being: The Role of Social and Cultural Capital. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18, 1121-1145.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9768-3 |
| [32] | Bareket, B. L., Moran, S., & Shahar, G. (2016). Strategic Self-Presentation on Facebook: Personal Motives and Audience Response to Online Behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 788-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.033 |
| [33] | Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., &Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does High Self-Esteem Cause Better Performance, Interpersonal Success, Happiness, or Healthier Lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1-44.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1529-1006.01431 |
| [34] | Bevan, J. L., Gomez, R., & Sparks, L. (2014). Disclosures about Important Life Events on Facebook: Relationships with Stress and Quality of Life. Computers in Human Behavior, 39, 246-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.07.021 |
| [35] | Bortree, D. S. (2005). Presentation of Self on the Web: An Ethnographic Study of Teenage Girls’ Weblogs. Education, Communication & Information, 5, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/14636310500061102 |
| [36] | Brailovskaia, J., & Jürgen, M. (2019). I Present Myself and Have a Lot of Facebook-Friends—Am I a Happy Narcissist? Personality and Individual Differences, 148, 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.022 |
| [37] | Brown, J. D., Dutton, K. A., & Cook, K. E. (2001). From the Top Down: Self-Esteem and Self-Evaluation. Cognition and Emotion, 15, 615-631. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930126063 |
| [38] | Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-Concept Clarity: Measurement, Personality Correlates, and Cultural Boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 141-156.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.141 |
| [39] | Chai, H. Y., Niu, G. F., Lian, S. L., Chu, X. W., & Sun, X. J. (2019). Why Social Network Site Use Fails to Promote Well-Being? The Roles of Social Overload and Fear of Missing Out. Computers in Human Behavior, 100, 85-92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.05.005 |
| [40] | Chen, H. T., & Li, X. (2017). The Contribution of Mobile Social Media to Social Capital and Psychological Well-Being: Examining the Role of Communicative Use, Friending and Self-Disclosure. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 958-965.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.011 |
| [41] | Chui, W. H., & Wong, M. Y. (2016). Gender Differences in Happiness and Life Satisfaction among Adolescents in Hong Kong: Relationships and Self-Concept. Social Indicators Research, 125, 1035-1051.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-015-0867-z |
| [42] | Coates, D., Wortman, C. B., & Abbey, A. (1979). Reactions to Victims. New Approaches to Social Problems, 12, 21-52. |
| [43] | Cooley, C. H. (1992). Human Nature and the Social Order. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers. |
| [44] | Derlega, V. J., Metts, S., Petronio, S., & Margulis, S. T. (1993). Sage Series on Close Relationships: Self-Disclosure. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. |
| [45] | Desjarlais, M., & Joseph, J. J. (2017). Socially Interactive and Passive Technologies Enhance Friendship Quality: An Investigation of the Mediating Roles of Online and Offline Self-Disclosure. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20, 286-291. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0363 |
| [46] | Diener, E. (1984). Subjective Well-Being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 542-575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542 |
| [47] | Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995). Cross-Cultural Correlates of Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 653-663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.653 |
| [48] | Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009). Subjective Well-Being: A General Overview. South African Journal of Psychology, 39, 391-406.
https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900402 |
| [49] | Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The Benefits of Facebook “Friends”: Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 1143-1168.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x |
| [50] | Fan, X. J. et al. (2019). Do Others’ Self-Presentation on Social Media Influence Individual’s Subjective Well-Being? A Moderated Mediation Model. Telematics and Informatics, 41, 86-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.04.001 |
| [51] | Festinger, L. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202 |
| [52] | Fox, J. D., & Bailenson, J. N. (2009). Virtual Reality. Journal of Media Psychology: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 21, 95-113. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105.21.3.95 |
| [53] | Fukuyama, F. (1999). The Great Disruption: Human Nature and the Reconstitution of Social Order. London: Profile Books. |
| [54] | Gibbs, J. L., Ellison, N. B., &Heino, R. D. (2006). Self-Presentation in Online Personals the Role of Anticipated Future Interaction, Self-Disclosure, and Perceived Success in Internet Dating. Communication Research, 33, 152-177.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650205285368 |
| [55] | Glaeser, E. L., David, L., & Bruce, S. (2002). An Economic Approach to Social Capital. The Economic Journal, 112, 437-458.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00078 |
| [56] | Goffman, E. (1959). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Doubleday. |
| [57] | Goffman, E. (1978). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (p. 56). London: Harmondsworth. |
| [58] | Gonzales, A. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2011). Mirror, Mirror on My Facebook Wall: Effects of Exposure to Facebook on Self-Esteem. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 79-83. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0411 |
| [59] | Guadagno, R. E., Okdie, B. M., & Kruse, S. A. (2012). Dating Deception: Gender, Online Dating, and Exaggerated Self- Presentation. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 642-647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2011.11.010 |
| [60] | Gudykunst, W. B. (1997). Cultural Variability in Communication: An Introduction. Communication Research, 24, 327-348.
https://doi.org/10.1177/009365097024004001 |
| [61] | Heine, S. J., & Lehman, D. R. (1992). The Effects of Culture on Self-Implicated Processes—A Comparison of Canadians and Japanese. Ritsumeikan Review of Industrial Society, 28, 29-38. |
| [62] | Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. |
| [63] | Hofstede, G. (2001). Cultures Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations across Nations (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. |
| [64] | Hong, Y. L. (2018). Impact of Self-Presentation on Subject Well-Being on Facebook: Perceived Social Support as a Mediator (p. 42). Doctoral Dissertation, Taipei: Taiwan Normal University. |
| [65] | Hongliang, C. (2017). Antecedents of Positive Self-Disclosure Online: An Empirical Study of Us College Students’ Facebook Usage. Psychology Research & Behavior Management, 10, 147-153. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S136049 |
| [66] | Huang, H. Y. (2016). Examining the Beneficial Effects of Individual’s Self-Disclosure on the Social Network Site. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 122-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.030 |
| [67] | Indian, M., & Grieve, R. (2014). When Facebook Is Easier than Face-to-Face: Social Support Derived from Facebook in Socially Anxious Individuals. Personality and Individual Differences, 59, 102-106.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.11.016 |
| [68] | Jang, W. E., Chun, J. W., Kim, J. J., & Bucy, E. (2021). Effects of Self-Presentation Strategy and Tie Strength on Facebook Users’ Happiness and Subjective Vitality. Journal of Happiness Studies, 48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00348-z |
| [69] | Jang, W. S., & Kim, J. H. (2020). The Effects of Different Types of Self-Presentation Strategy on Consumers’ Happiness and Subjective Vitality: The Moderating Effect of Facebook Intensity. International Journal of Human Movement Science, 14, 31-42. https://doi.org/10.23949/ijhms.2020.06.14.1.3 |
| [70] | Jang, W., Bucy, E. P., & Cho, J. (2018). Self-Esteem Moderates the Influence of Self-Presentation Style on Facebook Users’ Sense of Subjective Well-Being. Computers in Human Behavior, 85, 190-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.03.044 |
| [71] | Jiang, L. C., Bazarova, N. N., & Hancock, J. T. (2011). The Disclosure-Intimacy Link in Computer-Mediated Communication: An Attributional Extension of the Hyperpersonal Model. Human Communication Research, 37, 58-77.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01393.x |
| [72] | Joinson, A. (2001). Self-Disclosure in Computer-Mediated Communication: The Role of Self-Awareness and Visual Anonymity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31, 177-192. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.36 |
| [73] | Jordan, C. H., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2013). Fragile Self-Esteem: The Perils and Pitfalls of (Some) High Self-Esteem. |
| [74] | Joseph, B., & Walther (1996). Computer-Mediated Communication: Impersonal, Interpersonal, and Hyperpersonal Interaction. Communication Research, 23, 3-43. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365096023001001 |
| [75] | Kahn, J. H., &Hessling, R. M. (2001). Measuring the Tendency to Conceal versus Disclose Psychological Distress. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 20, 41-65. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.20.1.41.22254 |
| [76] | Kim, H. W., Chan, H. C., & Kankanhalli, A. (2012). What Motivates People to Purchase Digital Items on Virtual Community Websites? The Desire for Online Self-Presentation. Information Systems Research, 23, 1232-1245.
https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1110.0411 |
| [77] | Kim, H., Callan, M. J., Gheorghiu, A. I., & Skylark, W. J. (2018). Social Comparison Processes in the Experience of Personal Relative Deprivation. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 48, 519-532. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12531 |
| [78] | Kim, J., & Lee, J. E. R. (2011). The Facebook Paths to Happiness: Effects of the Number of Facebook Friends and Self- Presentation on Subjective Well-Being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 14, 359-364.
https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0374 |
| [79] | Kim, J., Chung, N., & Ahn, K. M. (2014). Why People Use Social Networking Services in Korea: The Mediating Role of Self-Disclosure on Subjective Well-Being. Information Development, 30, 276-287.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666913489894 |
| [80] | Kim, Y., & Baek, Y. M. (2014). When Is Selective Self-Presentation Effective? An Investigation of the Moderation Effects of “Self-Esteem” and “Social Trust”. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17, 697-701.
https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0321 |
| [81] | Kisilevich, S., Ang, C. S., & Last, M. (2012). Large-Scale Analysis of Self-Disclosure Patterns among Online Social Networks Users: Russian Context. Knowledge and Information Systems, 32, 609-628.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10115-011-0443-z |
| [82] | Krisanic, K. (2008). Motivations and Impression Management: Predictors of Social Networking Site Use and User Behavior. Doctoral Dissertation. |
| [83] | Lee, G., Lee, J., & Kwon, S. (2011). Use of Social-Networking Sites and Subjective Well-Being: A Study in South Korea. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 151-155. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0382 |
| [84] | Liu, D., & Brown, B. B. (2014). Self-Disclosure on Social Networking Sites, Positive Feedback, and Social Capital among Chinese College Students. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.003 |
| [85] | Liu, P., Tov, W., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D. J., & Qiu, L. (2006). Do Facebook Status Updates Reflect Subjective Well-Being? Cyberpsychology Behavior & Social Networking, 18, 373-379. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0022 |
| [86] | Malecki, C. K., & Demaray, M. K. (2002). Measuring Perceived Social Support, Development of the Child and Adolescents Social Support Scales. Psychology in the School, 39, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10004 |
| [87] | Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224 |
| [88] | Marshall, T. C., Lefringhausen, K., & Ferenczi, N. (2015). The Big Five, Self-Esteem, and Narcissism as Predictors of the Topics People Write about in Facebook Status Updates. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 35-40.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.039 |
| [89] | Michikyan, M., Dennis, J., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2015). Can You Guess Who I Am? Real, Ideal, and False Self-Presentation on Facebook among Emerging Adults. Emerging Adulthood, 3, 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814532442 |
| [90] | Michikyan, M., Subrahmanyam, K., & Dennis, J. (2014). Can You Tell Who I Am? Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Online Self-Presentation among Young Adults. Computers in Human Behavior, 33, 179-183.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.01.010 |
| [91] | Mummendey, A., Kessler, T., Klink, A., & Mielke, R. (1999). Strategies to Cope with Negative Social Identity: Predictions by Social Identity Theory and Relative Deprivation Theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 229-245.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.229 |
| [92] | Neubaum, G., & Kr？mer, N. C. (2015). My Friends Right Next to Me: A Laboratory Investigation on Predictors and Consequences of Experiencing Social Closeness on Social Networking Sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18, 443-449. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0613 |
| [93] | Nicole, E., Rebecca, H., & Jennifer, G. (2006). Managing Impressions Online: Self-Presentation Processes in the Online Dating Environment. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, 11, 415-441.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00020.x |
| [94] | Piazza, J., & Bering, J. M. (2009). Evolutionary Cyber-Psychology: Applying an Evolutionary Framework to Internet Behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 1258-1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.07.002 |
| [95] | Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. |
| [96] | Qiu, L., Lin, H., Leung, A. K., & Tov, W. (2012). Putting Their Best Foot Forward: Emotional Disclosure on Facebook. Cyberpsychology Behavior & Social Networking, 15, 569-572. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0200 |
| [97] | Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., Schoenbach, C., & Rosenberg, F. (1995). Global Self-Esteem and Specific Self-Esteem: Different Concepts, Different Outcomes. American Sociological Review, 60, 141-156. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096350 |
| [98] | Rui, J., & Stefanone, M. A. (2013). Strategic Self-Presentation Online: A Cross-Cultural Study. Computer in Human Behavior, 29, 110-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.022 |
| [99] | Schlosser, A. E. (2019). Self-Disclosure versus Self-Presentation on Social Media. Current Opinion in Psychology, 1, 2-4.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.025 |
| [100] | Smith, H. M., & Betz, N. E. (2000). Development and Validation of a Scale of Perceived Social Self-Efficacy. Journal of Career Assessment, 8, 283-301. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907270000800306 |
| [101] | Song, H., Zmyslinski-Seelig, A., Kim, J., Drent, A., Victor, A., Omori, K., & Allen, M. (2014). Does Facebook Make You Lonely? A Meta Analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 446-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.011 |
| [102] | Stiles, W. B. (1987). I Have to Talk to Somebody: A Fever Model of Disclosure. In V. Derlega, & J. H. Berg (Eds.), Self- Disclosure: Theory, Research, and Therapy (pp. 257-282), New York: Plenum Press.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3523-6_12 |
| [103] | Strano, M. M., & Queen, J. W. (2012). Covering Your Face on Facebook: Suppression as Identity Management. Journal of Media Psychology, 24, 166-180. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000076 |
| [104] | Tang, J. H., & Wang, C. C. (2012). Self-Disclosure among Bloggers: Re-Examination of Social Penetration Theory. Cyberpsychology Behavior & Social Networking, 15, 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2011.0403 |
| [105] | Taylor, S., & Brown, J. (1988). Illusion and Well-Being: A Social Psychological Perspective on Mental Health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193 |
| [106] | Thomas, B. L. (1988). Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 14, 25-30.
https://doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-19881201-07 |
| [107] | Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism & Collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview. |
| [108] | Triandis, H. C. (2001). Individualism-Collectivism and Personality. Journal of Personality, 69, 907-924.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.696169 |
| [109] | Utz, S., Tanis, M., & Vermeulen, I. (2012). It Is All about Being Popular: The Effects of Need for Popularity on Social Network Site Use. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15, 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0651 |
| [110] | Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Online Communication among Adolescents: An Integrated Model of Its Attraction, Opportunities, and Risks. Journal of Adolescent Health, 48, 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.020 |
| [111] | Verduyn, P., Lee, D. S., Park, J., Shablack, H., Orvell, A., Bayer, J., Kross, E. et al. (2015). Passive Facebook Usage Undermines Affective Well-Being: Experimental and Longitudinal Evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144, 480-488. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000057 |
| [112] | Wang, R., Yang, F., & Haigh, M. M. (2017). Let Me Take a Selfie: Exploring the Psychological Effects of Posting and Viewing Selfies and Groupies on Social Media. Telematics and Informatics, 34, 274-283.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.07.004 |
| [113] | Wei, L., & Gao, F. (2017). Social Media, Social Integration and Subjective Well-Being among New Urban Migrants in China. Telematics and Informatics, 34, 786-796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2016.05.017 |
| [114] | Wright, E. J., White, K. M., & Obst, P. L. (2017). Facebook False Self-Presentation Behaviors and Negative Mental Health. Cyberpsychology Behavior & Social Networking, 21, 40-49. |
| [115] | Yang, H. (2020). Do SNSs Really Make Us Happy? The Effects of Writing and Reading via SNSs on Subjective Well-Being. Telematics and Informatics, 101384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101384 |
| [116] | Yu, E., & Kim, H.-C. (2020). Is She Really Happy? A Dual-Path Model of Narcissistic Self-Presentation Outcomes for Female Facebook Users. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, Article ID: 106328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106328 |
| [117] | Zhang, R. W. (2017). The Stress-Buffering Effect of Self-Disclosure on Facebook: An Examination of Stressful Life Events, Social Support, and Mental Health among College Students. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 527-537.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.05.043 |
