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跨期选择的心理机制
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Abstract:
跨期选择是指对发生于不同时期的成本与收益进行权衡的决策行为。无论是政府、集体还是个人都需要持续不断进行此类决策。跨期选择研究以来，产生了时间折扣和非时间折扣两种不同的解释模型。时间折扣模型用“时间折扣率”来描述跨期选择行为，围绕“时间折扣率”是否恒定以及时间折扣率和其他心理因素的影响展开了一系列的研究。非时间折扣模型认为个体在属性之间做比较，且关注认知在跨期选择中的作用。未来的研究需要借助时间相关电位技术或者功能核磁成像技术整合不同的理论，同时关注损失情境中的跨期选择。
Intertemporal decision making refers to the psychological process to weigh and choose profits and losses of the different time points. Whether it is the government, the collective or the individual, it is necessary to make such decisions continuously. Since the intertemporal decision-making research, two different explanatory models of Intertemporal decision making have been produced: time discounting model and non-time discounting model. The time discounting model uses “time discounting rate” to describe intertemporal decision-making behavior, and a series of studies have been carried out on whether the “time discounting rate” is constant or not and the influence of time discounting rate and other psychological factors. The non-time discounting model considers individuals to compare attributes and pay attention to the role of cognition in intertemporal decision making. Future research needs to use ERP technology or functional MRI technology to integrate different theories, and pay attention to intertemporal choices in loss condition.
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