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快速城镇化区域生活垃圾处置的生态效率评价
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Abstract:
生活垃圾和农业固废物处理已成为制约城镇化进程的重大问题之一。本研究以西安市长安区、临潼区、蓝田县三个快速城镇化区域为例，通过垃圾物理组成及热值数据分别计算了卫生填埋–沼气发电、焚烧发电、生物质燃料混烧发电等三种垃圾处理方法的能值投入和产出结果，利用能值产出率、环境负载率、能值投资率、可更新资源投入率和能值可持续指数等5项基本能值指标从能量利用的角度对三种生活垃圾处理方法的环境可持续性与生态效率进行了比较分析。结果表明，采用生活垃圾焚烧和生物质燃料混烧发电处理法在能量转化效率和环境影响方面具有显著优势，有利于提高快速城镇化区域生活垃圾减量化水平和促进再生资源的社会化循环。
Domestic waste and agricultural solid waste treatment have become one of the important problems restricting the urbanization process. In this study, three fast urbanization areas of Chang’an District, Lintong District and Lantian County in Xi'an City, are taken as examples. The energy input and out-put results of three waste treatment methods, including sanitary landfill biogas power generation, incineration power generation and biomass fuel mixed burning power generation are calculated respectively by physical composition and heat value data. Based on five basic emergy indexes in-cluding energy yield rate, environmental load rate, emergy investment rate, renewable resource input rate and emergy sustainability index, the environmental sustainability and ecological effi-ciency of three kinds of domestic waste treatment methods are compared and analyzed from the perspective of energy utilization. The results show that the method of domestic waste incineration and biomass fuel mixed combustion has significant advantages in energy conversion efficiency and environmental impact, which is conducive to improve the reduction treatment of domestic waste and the socialization cycle of renewable resources in the rapid urbanization area.
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