椪柑体细胞胚诱导过程中生理生化研究
The Physiological and Biochemical Changes during Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

体细胞胚胎发生技术在植物快繁、种质资源保存、遗传转化、基因工程等领域具有广阔的应用前景和经济价值。迄今，椪柑体细胞胚胎发生的生理变化尚不清楚。本研究以椪柑胚性愈伤组织为起始材料进行体细胞胚的诱导，选取椪柑体细胞胚诱导过程中四个阶段的培养物：即刚接种的胚性愈伤组织(EI0)、转成黄色的胚性愈伤组织(EI1)、肉眼可见的胚状体(EI2)和出现50%以上的胚状体(EI3)，进行可溶性蛋白含量、H₂O₂水平及抗氧化酶[过氧化物酶(Peroxidase, POD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase, CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase, SOD)]活力的测定。结果表明：可溶性蛋白含量先下降后逐渐升高；过氧化氢含量先逐渐上升后下降；从EI0到EI2过程三种酶活力都表现出先升高后下降的变化规律，但在EI2到EI3过程，POD、CAT活力下降，SOD活力则升高。
Somatic embryogenesis technique has already been widely applied in rapid clonal propagation of plant, preservation of germplasm resources, genetic transformation, genetic engineering, and other fields. The physiological of somatic embryogenesis in citrus is unclear to date. Embryonic calli of Ponkan were used for induction of somatic embryogenesis. The four materials during in-duction of somatic embryogenesis in the Ponkan were selected: inoculated embryonic calli (EI0), yellow embryonic calli (EI1), the embryos that can be seen with the naked eye (EI2) and more than 50% of the embryos (EI3). The content of soluble protein first declined and then increased gradually; the content of hydrogen peroxide gradually increased and then decreased; during EI0 to EI2, three types of enzyme activity increased and then decreased; but during EI2 to EI3, the activity of POD and CAT decreased, and the activity of SOD increased.