不同分度游标卡尺的误差极限分析
The Limit of Error Analysis of Different Degrees of Vernier Caliper

长度是一个基本物理量，许多其它的物理量也常常转化为长度或借助长度进行测量。游标卡尺是一种比较精密的测量长度的仪器，是高中和大学物理实验以及工程、日常生活中常用的基本测量工具。根据游标分度数的不同，常用的游标卡尺有50分度、20分度和10分度等规格。大家在使用不同分度的游标卡尺的过程中对于单次测量的误差极限一直存在困扰。测量所使用的仪器不可能尽善尽美，测量依据的理论公式所要求的条件也是无法绝对地保证的，再加上测量技术、环境条件等各种因素的局限，真值一般无法得到。误差存在于一切测量之中，而且贯穿于整个测量过程，所以必须正确认识误差。本文详细分析了50分度、20分度和10分度的游标卡尺的估读误差极限，最后结论：估读误差最大是半个分度值。
Length is a basic physical quantity. Many other physical quantities are also often converted to or measured by means of length. The vernier caliper is a more precise instrument of measuring the length. It is a common and basic measurement tool in everyday life, engineering and high school and college physics experiments. The common vernier calipers are 50 points, 20 points and 10 points according to the cursor points. In the process of using vernier calipers with different degrees, there is always confusion about the error limit of a single measurement. The measuring instruments are not perfect, theoretical formula of measurement required conditions is not able to meet the requirements, and measurement technology, environmental conditions and other factors are limited, so the true value is generally not got. The error exists in all measurements and it is throughout the measurement process. This paper provides a detailed analysis of error estimation limit of 50 points, 20 points and 10 points vernier caliper. The final conclusion is that the maximum error of estimation is half a degree value.