东北阔叶林下早春开花植物的生理与代谢特性研究
Study on Physiological and Metabolic Characteristics of Early Spring Flowering Plants in Northeast Broad-Leaved Forest

早春开花植物是在寒冷的早春季节开花并快速完成其生命周期的一类特殊植物，但对其的研究很少。为了更好地认识和开发利用这类特殊植物，我们采集了五种早春开花植物和五种未开花植物进行该研究，采用吸光光度法和气相色谱与质谱联用技术，对两类植物的生理与代谢物进行测定。结果表明：早春开花植物的叶绿素含量和可溶性蛋白含量较低，可溶性糖含量升高，揭示出早春开花植物的碳代谢增强，氮代谢降低。此外，通过比较早春开花植物和未开花植物的代谢组学分析表明，早春开花植物的氨基酸代谢途径是与未开花植物的主要区别，是区分早春开花植物的特征，关键途径中的富马酸、丙氨酸、色氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苯乙酸差异化合物在早春开花植物中显著积累，说明早春开花植物的氮代谢减弱，消耗大量的碳水化合物以满足开花过程的能量损耗。这些研究结果有助于对早春开花植物的认识，并为今后早春开花植物的鉴定、人工生产栽培和开发利用提供了理论基础。
Early spring flowering plants are a special kind of plants that bloom in the cold early spring and complete their life cycle quickly, but there are few studies on them. In order to better understand and develop and utilize such special plants, we collected five early spring flowering plants and five unflowered plants for this study. Using absorbance spectroscopy and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry combined techniques, measure the physiology and metabolites of two types of plants. The results showed that the chlorophyll content and soluble protein content of early spring flowering plants were lower, and the soluble sugar content increased, revealing that early spring flowering plants had increased carbon metabolism and decreased nitrogen metabolism. In addition, comparing the metabolomics analysis of early spring flowering plants and unflowered plants, it is shown that the amino acid metabolism pathway of early spring flowering plants is the main difference from unflowered plants. It is the characteristic of early spring flowering plants. Differential compounds of fumaric acid, alanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, and phenylacetic acid in the key pathways accumulated significantly in early spring flowering plants, indicating that the nitrogen metabolism of early spring flowering plants is weakened, and a large number of carbohydrates are consumed to meet the energy loss during flowering. These research results are helpful to the understanding of early spring flowering plants, and provide a theoretical basis for the identification, artificial production, cultivation and development and utilization of early spring flowering plants in the future.