Dendrochronological Potential and Impact of Climate Factors on Radial Growth of Two Species in the Sahelian Zone: Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hoscht (Ferlo Nord/Senegal)
The objective of this study is to analyze the
dendrochronological potential of two Sahelian species (B. senegalensis and S. birrea) and to evaluate the relationships
between their growth rings and the climate. The study was conducted in
2016 in the Ferlo area of Senegal. The biological material consists of wood
slices, taken from the trunks of these adult woody species at 0.30 m and 1.30 m
from the ground after they have been felled. The technique used to examine the
slices consists in identifying their rings, establishing their structures,
inter-dating them and studying the relationship between the identified rings
and climatic factors. The results showed that the species had thin, clear,
highly visible and sharp rings. The limit of growth is marked by a line of
parenchyma. Intradatation series carried out on the chronologies made it
possible to estimate the ages of the individuals, which vary from 10 to 38
years for B. senegalensis and from 29 to 50 years for S. birrea. Their average growth rates are estimated at 0.906 mm/year and 0.89
mm/year respectively. The chronological sequences are 29 years
(1987-2016) for B. senegalensis and 38 years (1964-2012) for S.
birrea. The results revealed that there is no significant correlation
between the growth chronologies of B. senegalensis and the climatic regressors (temperature and
precipitation). In contrast, the ring-climate relationship shows that
in S. birrea winter precipitation positively influences ring growth
while temperature has no effect on ring growth in this species. This study
provides a better
References
[1]
Elagib, N.A. and Mansell, M.G. (2000) Recent Trends and Anomalies in Mean Seasonal and Annual Temperature over Sudan. Journal of Arid Environments, 45, 263-288. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.2000.0639
[2]
Stige, L.C., Stave, J., Chan, K.S., Ciannelli, L., Pettorelli, N., Glantz, M., Stenseth, N., et al. (2006) The Effect of Climate Variation on Agro-Pastoral Production in Africa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, 3049-3053.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600057103
[3]
Dendoncker, M., Ngom, D. and Vincke, C. (2015) Tree Dynamics (1955-2012) and Their Uses in Senegal’s Ferlo Region: Insights from a Historical Vegetation Database, Local Knowledge and Field Inventories. Bois & Forets Des Tropiques, 326, 25-41. https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2015.326.a31281
[4]
Ndong, A.T., Ndiaye, O., Sagna, M.B., Diallo, A., Galop, D. and Guisse, A. (2015) Caractérisation de la végétation ligneuse sahélienne du Sénégal: Cas du Ferlo. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 9, 2582-2594.
https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v9i6.6
[5]
Sylla, D., Ba, T. and Guisse, A. (2019) Cartographie des changements de la couverture végétale dans les aires protégées du Ferlo (Nord Sénégal): Cas de la réserve de biosphère. Physio-Géo. Géographie physique et environnement, 13, 115-132.
https://doi.org/10.4000/physio-geo.8178
[6]
Talla, R., Sagna, M.B., Diallo, M.D., Diallo, A., Faye, N., Sarr, O., Guisse, A., et al. (2020) Population Structure and Toposequence Distribution of Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir and Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hoscht in the Ferlo (Senegal). Journal of Plant Sciences, 8, 167-176.
[7]
Latte, N., Debruxelles, J., Sohier, C., Degré, A. and Claessens, H. (2012) La dendroécologie: Un outil pour affiner nos connaissances sur l’autécologie des essences forestières foret wallonne No. 116.
[8]
Merian, P. (2012) Variations spatio-temporelles de la réponse au climat des essences forestières tempérées: Quantification du phénomène par approche dendroécologique et influence de la stratégie d’échantillonnage. Thèse de Doctorat, AgroParisTech., Nancy, 789-798.
[9]
Détienne, P. (1989) Appearance and Periodicity of Growth Rings in Some Tropical Woods. IAWA Bulletin, 10, 123-132. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000480
[10]
Conde, S. (2018) Structure et fonctionnement des ripisylves de la rivière Milo (affluent du haut Niger) en Guinée. Doctoral Dissertation, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, 32-55.
[11]
Daux, V. (2013) Reconstruction du climat à partir de la composition isotopique de l’oxygène et du carbone des cernes d’arbres. Météorologie, 80, 14-22.
https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/48791
[12]
Lang, G.E. and Chevalier, D.H. (1983) La croissance des arbres, la mortalité, la formation recrutement, et l’écart de la canopée au cours d’une période de 10 ans dans une foret tropicale humide. Ecologie, 64, 1075-1080.
[13]
Lieberman, M., Lieberman, R., Peralta, R. and Harstshorn, G. (1985) Les tableaux de mortalité et représentent les taux de roulement dans une foret tropicale humide au Costa Rica. Journal of Ecology, 73, 915-924. https://doi.org/10.2307/2260157
[14]
Whitmore, T. (1998) Une introduction aux forets tropicales. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 411-422.
[15]
Gourlay, I.D. (1995) The Definition of Seasonal Growth Zones in Some African Acacia Species—A Review. IAWA Journal, 16, 353-359.
https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001425
[16]
Stahle, D.W., Mushove, P.T., Cleaveland, M.K., Roig, F. and Haynes, G.A. (1999) Management Implications of Annualgrowth Rings in Pterocarpus angolensis from Zimbabwe. Forest Ecology and Management, 124, 217-229.
[17]
Worbes, M. (1995) How to Measure Growth Dynamics in Tropical Trees a Review. IAWA Journal, 16, 337-351. https://doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001424
[18]
Fichtler, E., Trouet, V., Beeckman, H., Coppin, P. and Worbes, M. (2004) Climatic Signals in Tree Rings of Burkea africana and Pterocarpus angolensis from Semiarid Forests in Namibia. Trees, 18, 442-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-004-0324-0
[19]
Schongart, J., Bettina, O., Hennernberg, K.J., Porembski, S. and Worbes, M. (2006) Climate Growth Relationship of Tropical Tree Species in West Africa and Their Potential for Climate Reconstruction. Global Change Biology, 12, 1139-1150.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01154.x
[20]
Sanogo, K., Binam, J., Bayala, J., Villamor, G.B., Kalinganire, A. and Dodiomon, S. (2017) Farmers’ Perceptions of Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystem Services Delivery of Parklands in Southern Mali. Agroforestry Systems, 91, 345-361.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-9933-z
[21]
Boakye, E.A., Gebrekirstos, A., N’da Hyppolite, D., Barnes, V.R., Kouamé, F.N., Kone, D. and Brauning, A. (2016) Influence of Climatic Factors on Tree Growth in Riparian Forests in the Humid and Dry Savannas of the Volta Basin, Ghana. Trees, 30, 1695-1709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-016-1401-x
[22]
Balima, L.H., Gebrekirstos, A., Kouamé, F.N.G., Nacoulma, B.M.I., Thiombiano, A. and Brauning, A. (2020) Life-Span Growth Dynamics and Xylem Anatomical Patterns of Diffuse-Porous Afzelia africana Sm.(Fabaceae) in Different Ecological Zones in Burkina Faso. Dendrochronologia, 64, Article ID: 125752.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2020.125752
[23]
Tarhule, A. and Hughes, M. (2002) Tree-Ring Research in Semi-Arid West Africa: Need And Potential. Tree-Ring Research, 58, 31-46.
[24]
Mbow, C., Chhin, S., Sambou, B. and Skole, D. (2013) Potential of Dendrochronology to Assess Annual Rates of Biomass Productivity in Savanna Trees of West Africa. Dendrochronologia, 31, 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2012.06.001
[25]
Ndiaye, D., Sagn, M.B., Diallo, A., Diat, S., Peiry, J.L. and Guissé, A. (2020) Analyse de la Structure Morphologique des Cernes de Croissance et Détermination Des Ages de Deux Espèces Sahéliennes: Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne ssp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan, Acacia senegal (L.). Willd. European Scientific Journal, 16, 177-180.
https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2020.v16n6p168
[26]
Poupon, H. and Bule, J.C. (1974) Recherches écologiques sur une savane sahélienne du Ferlo septentrional, Sénégal. Influence de la sécheresse de l’année 7372-1973 sur la strate ligneuse. Revue d Ecologie (Terre et Vie), 28, 49-75.
[27]
Akpo, L.E. and Grouzis, M. (1996) Influence du couvert ligneux sur la régénération de quelques espèces ligneuses sahéliennes (Nord Sénégal, Afrique Occidentale). Webbia, 50, 247-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/00837792.1996.10670605
[28]
Doumma, A. and Alzouma, I. (2006) Influence de Boscia senegalensis (Pers) Lam. Ex Poir. (Capparaceae) sur les capacités de dispersion de Dinarmus basalis Rond. (Hymenoptera-Pteromalidae) dans les systèmes de stockage traditionnels de niébé. Tropicultura, 24, 208-212.
[29]
Lucop (2008) Les activités de gestion et mise en valeur des ressources naturelles dans la région de Tillabéri; Programme Nigéro-Allemand de Lutte contre la Pauvreté Tillabéri et Tahoua-Nord.
[30]
Ndiaye, O. (2013) Caractéristiques des sols, de la flore et de la végétation du Ferlo, Sénégal. Thèse de doctorat en Ecologie et Agroforesterie, EDSEV, UCAD-FST, 117 p.
[31]
Diallo, A. (2011) Caractérisation de la végétation et des sols dans les plantations d’Acacia senegal (L.) Willd dans la zone de Dahra-sud Ferlo sableux. Thèse de doctorat, UCAD-FST, Département Biologie Végétale, 127 p.
https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v5i3.72273
[32]
Talla, R., Sagna, M., Diallo, M.D., Diallo, A., Ndiaye, D., Sarr, O. and Guisse, A. (2020) Development of Allometric Models for Estimating the Biomass of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hoscht and Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir. Open Journal of Ecology, 10, 571-584. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2020.108035
[33]
Harnist, S. (2014) Dendrochronologie du pin sylvestre de Mazovie, Pologne: Influence de l’antécédent cultural sur la macrostructure du bois et la réponse au climat, université Pologne.
[34]
Kaennel, M. and Schweingruber, F.H. (1995) Multilingual Glossary of Dendrochronology. Paul Haupt Publishers, Berne, 467.
[35]
Tessier, L. (1984) Dendroclimatologie et écologie de Pinus silvestris L. et Quercus pubescens Willd. dans le sud-est de la France. Doctoral Dissertation, Université de droit, d’économie et des sciences d’Aix-Marseille.
[36]
Burnel, L. and Pélissier, C. (2009) Méthode de préparation d’échantillons de bois feuillus pour utilisation en dendrochronologie. Cahiers Techniques de l’Inra, 66, 5-12.
[37]
Larsson, L. (2013) CooRecorder and Cdendro Programs of the Coorecorder/Cdendropackage Version 7.6. http://www.cybis.se/forfun/dendro
[38]
Munaut, A.V. (1966) Recherches dendrochronologiques sur Pinus sylvestris. II. Premiere application des Méthodes dendrochronologiques l’étude de Pinus sylvestris sub-fossiles (Terneuzen, Pays-Bas). Agricultura, 14, 361-388.
[39]
Baillie, M.G.L. and Pilcher, J.R. (1973) A Simple Cross-Dating Program for Tree-Ring Research. Tree-Ring Bulletin, 33, 7-14.
[40]
Becker, B. (1983) The Contribution of Wild Plants to Human Nutrition in the Ferlo (Northern Sénégal). Agroforestry Systems, 1, 257-267.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00130611
[41]
Fritts, H.C. (1976) Tree Rings and Climate. Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco, 567 p.
[42]
Cook, E.R. (1985) A Time Series Analysis Approach to Tree Ring Standardization. Dissertation, Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, 171.
[43]
Bunn, A.G. (2010) Statistical and Visual Crossdating in R Using the dplR Library. Dendrochronologia, 28, 251-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2009.12.001
[44]
Bunn, A.G. (2008) A Dendrochronology Program Library in R(dplR). Dendrochronologia, 26, 115-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2008.01.002
[45]
Campelo, F., García-González, I. and Nabais, C. (2012) DetrendeR-A Graphical User Interface to Process and Visualize Tree-Ring Data Using R. Dendrochronologia, 30, 57-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2011.01.010
[46]
Zang, C. and Biondi, F. (2015) Treeclim: An R Package for the Numerical Calibration of Proxyclimate Relationships. Ecography (Cop.), 38, 431-436.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01335
[47]
Lambs, L. and Labiod, M. (2009) Climate Change and Water Availability in North-West Algeria: Investigation by Stable Water Isotopes and Dendrochronology. Water International, 34, 280-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508060902846846
[48]
Hughes, M.K. (2002) Dendrochronology in Climatology—The State of the Art. Dendrochronologia, 20, 95-116. https://doi.org/10.1078/1125-7865-00011
[49]
Gebrekirstos, A., Mitlohner, R., Teketay, D. and Worbes, M. (2008) Climate-Growth Relationships of the Dominant Tree Species from Semi-Arid Savanna Woodland in Ethiopia. Trees, 22, 631. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-008-0221-z
[50]
Mariaux, A. (1975) Essai de dendroclimatologie en climat sahélien sur Acacia raddiana. Bois & Forets des Tropiques, 163, 27-35.
[51]
Eshete, G. and Stahl, G. (1999) Tree Rings as Indicators of Growth Periodicity of Acacias in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia. Forest Ecology and Management, 116, 107-117.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00442-3
[52]
Eckstein, D., Ogden, J., Jacoby, G.C. and Ash, J. (1981) Age and Growth Rate Determination in Tropical Trees: The Application of Dendrochronological Methods. In: Bormann, F.H. and Berlyn, G., Eds., Age and Growth Rate of Tropical Trees, School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Bull. 94, Yale Univ., New Haven, 83-106.
[53]
Mbow, C. (2009) Potentiel et dynamique des stocks de carbone des savanes soudaniennes et soudano-guinéennes du Sénégal. Thèse de doctorat d’Etat ès sciences UCAD, 319 p.
[54]
Brienen, R.J.W. and Zuidema, P.A. (2005) Relating Tree Growth to Rainfall in Bolivian Rain Forests: A Test for Six Species Using Tree Ring Analysis. Oecologia, 146, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0160-y
[55]
Schongart, J., Junk, W., Piedade, P., Avres, J., Hüttermann, A. and Schulman, E. (1956) Dendroclimatic Changes in Semiarid America. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, 142 p.
[56]
Trouet, V., Coppin, P. and Beeckman, H. (2006) Annual Growth Ring Patterns in Brachystegia spiciformis Reveal Influence of Precipitation on Tree Growth. Biotropica, 38, 375-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00155.x
[57]
Therrell, M., Stahle, D., Lydia, R. and Shugart, H. (2006) Tree-Ring Reconstructed Rainfall Variability in Zimbabwe. Climate Dynamics, 26, 677-685.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-005-0108-2
[58]
Couralet, C., Sterck, F.J., Sass-klaassen, U., Van Acker, J. and Beeckman, H. (2010) Species-Specific Growth Responses to Climate Variations in Understory Trees of a Central African Rain Forest. Biotropica, 42, 503-511.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00613.x
[59]
Rozas, V. and Miguel, J. (2013) Dendrochronologia Environmental Heterogeneity and Neighbourhood Interference Modulate the Individual Response of Juniperus thurifera Tree-Ring Growth to Climate. Dendrochronologia, 31, 105-113.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2012.09.001
[60]
Gebrekirstos, A., Neufeldt, H. and Mitlohner, R. (2011) Exploring Climatic Signals in Stable Isotope of Sclerocarya birrea Tree Ring Chronologies from the Sahel Region in West Africa. TRACE Conference Paper, Vol. 9, 143-148.
[61]
De Ridder, M., Toirambe, B., Van Den Bulcke, J., Bourland, N., Van Acker, J. and Beeckman, H. (2014) Dendrochronological Potential in a Semideciduous Rainforest: The Case of Pericopsis elata in Central Africa. Forests, 5, 3087-3106.
https://doi.org/10.3390/f5123087
[62]
Mahamane, A. and Saadou, M. (2009) Structures anatomiques de quelques organes de Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir. Et adaptation a la sécheresse. Sécheresse, 20, 237-239. https://doi.org/10.1684/sec.2009.0182
[63]
Poupon, H. (1979) Etude de la phénologie de la strate ligneuse de Fété-Olé (Sénégal septentrional) de 1971 à 1977. Bulletin de l’IFAN. Série A: Sciences Naturelles, 41, 43-85+6.
[64]
Bhiry, N., Delwaide, A., Allard, M., Begin, Y., Filion, L., Lavoie, M. and Vincent, W.F. (2011) Environmental Change in the Great Whale River Region, Hudson Bay: Five Decades of Multidisciplinary Research by Centre d’études nordiques (CEN). Ecoscience, 18, 182-203. https://doi.org/10.2980/18-3-3469
[65]
Sankaran, M., Hanan, N.P., Scholes, R.J., Ratnam, J., Augustine, D.J., Cade, B.S. and Ardo, J. (2005) Determinants of Woody Cover in African Savannas. Nature, 438, 846. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04070
