The Comparison of Grand Theriac Formulations in Canon of Avicenna and Two Manuscripts From Early Ottoman Medicine

The poisoning could be accepted the source of horror in ancient times. According to Galen, a physician named Andromachus changed the recipe of mithridatikon and developed another compound antidote called galene. In time the name galene was changed to theriac. The theriac remedy began to use as an antidote against all kinds of venoms. It was believed that theriac both protected and cured from the venom of all poisonous beasts, such as snakes, spiders, scorpions, rats or mad dogs. The theriac was not only an antidote in an original sense but it was used in a very extensive way. The theriac has been transferred to Turc-Islamic populations and was used extensively. Also it was pronounced as tiryaq or diryaq in Turc-Islamic populations. There are so many different theriac recipes in Turc-Islamic medicine. In this study only grand theriac formulations are put emphasis on. These theriac compositions are called grand theriac (tiryaq al-far？q), because they have ingredients much more than the others. In this work it tried to compare the different compositions of grand theriac which were used by Avicenna and two Ottoman medical manuscripts called Yadigar and Mucerreb-name