HYDROGEN AS AN ENERGY CARRIER AND HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHODS

In recent years, there has been an increase in the amount of energy used in line with the increasing population. The fuel demand in the transportation sector is mainly met by fossil fuels. The reserve life of fossil fuels used in the world decreases every year. Considering the problems arising from the use of fossil fuels, the fuel need in the transportation sector can be met with renewable energy sources and become continuous. Increasing CO2 emissions, environmental pollution, and rising fossil fuel costs make it inevitable to look for alternative energy sources in the near future. For this purpose, an energy carrier such as hydrogen is needed for the use of renewable energy sources in the transportation sector. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in nature and its application area is wide. The hydrogen element is found free in nature in diatomic structure. Hydrogen is odorless, tasteless, colorless and lightest flammable gas. Hydrogen, a clean energy carrier, has a high energy content on a mass basis. Hydrogen has a high combustion temperature, and it has no toxic effect. In chemical reactions, only water vapor occurs after combustion. According to petroleum derivatives, the yield of hydrogen is 1.13 times higher. Hydrogen is used as a fuel cell in electricity generation in engine or gas turbines. Considering the damage caused by fossil fuel derivatives to the atmosphere and the earth, it will be understood how important hydrogen. In terms of energy efficiency, resource diversity and environmental impacts, the superiority of hydrogen over fossil fuels is evident. Hydrogen can be obtained by using techniques such as gasification of hydrocarbonaceous compounds, steam reforming, decomposition. Hydrogen is an infinite source of energy because it is produced by electrolysis. Chemical and physical properties do not have a negative impact on the environment and therefore have a clean fuel class. In this study, the properties of hydrogen are explained and the relationship between hydrogen and energy sources and hydrogen production methods are explained. In addition, there is information about the kinds of hydrogen storage and hydrogen applications in Turkey