Comparative Evaluation of Intramuscular, Intranasal, Oral and Intraosseal Administration of Midazolam, Ketamine Combination in Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

This study was aimed to compare the effects of different delivery routes of midazolam ketamine combination in quails. Thirty two adult male quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with a mean weight of 180-220 gr and a 25-week-old were used in this study. The birds were divided into four groups of eight animals each. In group I (Group IM), 6 mg/kg midazolam-100 mg/kg ketamine combination was injected intramuscularly. It was given the same dose of this combination intranasal in the group II (Group IN) and orally in the group III (Group O). In the last group (Group IO), 2 mg/kg midazolam-20 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraosseally. Induction, recovery time and depth of anesthesia were evaluated. Pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate and cloacal temperature were also monitored. The anesthesia durations were determined as 28.88±5.87 min in group IM, 13.75±5.18 min in group IN, 14.88±4.79 min in group O and 38.13±8.84 min in group IO, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between groups in terms of both anesthesia duration and physiological values. As a result, intramuscular and oral administration of the midazolam ketamine combination may be preferred to many operative interventions, but intranasal use can be used for clinical examination or diagnostic procedures because it does not provide adequate anesthesia. It can be said that oral and intraosseous use may be preferred in cases requiring longer duration of anesthesia in birds