THE DIVINE AND HUMAN ASPECTS OF ‘IVAD AS A DESERVE IN MU’TAZILITE THEOLOGY

Pain is an emotion that mankind perceives and witnesses. To such an extent that mankind in this world is exposed to grief and calamities which stem from various reasons. Through divinely sourced illnesses, disabilities, and tribulations, man is ontologically exposed to pain. From another perspective, man is obliged to live through the injustice and oppression that his fellow humans participate in. Due to divine justice there must be a compensation for all this. This concept which provides a justification for pain is called ivaz in Mu’tazilite thought. Ivaz is defined as the right of a servant towards Allah or towards other servants of Allah. In Mu’tazilite thought, compensation for pain is condered an obligation on Allah. The recompensation of injustice and pain, and the manifestation of justice is a logical explanation for the ontological, individual, and sociological existence of evil