The Diagnosis And Current Treatment Approaches For The Tardive Dyskinesia

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by involuntary and repetitive movements, often seen in the orobuccal region, but also in the neck, trunk and extremities. Different drugs have been reported to induce TD formation. In the last edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), it is described as a movement disorder developed by the use of a neuroleptic drug for at least a few months. Ethiology could not be determined clearly. There are different treatment approaches related with the different pathophysiological hypotheses of the disease. Most of the recommended treatments are of low level of evidence. Taking into account all of these, it can be concluded that knowledge about the risk factors of the TD is valuable in terms of prevention of the disease development. Besides, an accurate differential diagnosis is also valuable for the early intervention. In this article, the diagnosis and current treatment approaches of TD were reviewed in order to increase the awareness of psychiatrists and other medical doctors about TD