Efficiency Changes in Higher Education in OECD Countries: Implementation of Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index for 2000 and 2012 Period

This study analyzes the total factor productivity changes in higher education in 21 OECD countries for the period of 2000 to 2012 with the Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index. Study aims to determine the sources of total factor productivity changes by calculating the technical, pure technical, scale efficiency and technological change values. According to the analysis, the largest increase in total factor productivity change indices countries are Australia, USA and Norway, the largest decrease takes place in New Zealand, the Czech Republic and Turkey. The largest increase in total factor productivity is in 2004-2005 period