Evaluation of ？adīth Narratives Related with the Animals Whose Meat is Forbidden to Eat

As in every religious issue, the two main resources of Islām which are the Qur’ān and the Sunnah/？adīths are the first reference sources for deciding the things that are forbidden by Islam. There is no evidence in the Qur’ān that suggests specific types of animals are forbidden to eat except pork. Other than pork, only the animals which are slaughtered without the name of Allah, their blood and their carcass are forbidden to consume. Except these restricted ill-gotten meats, in the Qur’ānic verses there are no other limitations referring to different animals. However, in ？adīth sources there are some narratives referring to the Prophet Mu？ammad, implying that He named some other forbidden animals beside the ones specified in the Qur’ān. Collecting the narratives and evaluating them as a whole will contribute for a better understanding of the rules and principles of prohibitions that the Prophet Mu？ammad imposed on this issue. Moreover, it will help to identify whether those rulings on some animals are unconditional and world-wide or cause-related and thus changeable according to the conditions. Furthermore, in this matter, although some animals‘ meat are not mentioned as forbidden in the Qur’ān, they are banned by the Prophet Mu？ammad. This brings the need to highlight the importance of the capacity of the Prophet Mu？ammad on deciding what is permissible (？alāl) and forbidden (？arām) in the religion. Summary While the authority for determining what is ？alāl (lawful) and what is ？arām(forbidden) belongs essentially to Allah, the Prophet Mu？ammad is also authorized to appoint what is ？alāl-？arām by Allah.Authority of the Prophet Mu？ammadrelated to the issue is not absolute and stems from the Qur’ān. ？alāland ？arāmin the Qur’ān prescribed by Allah can be included in the concepts of ma？rūf (right) - munkar (wrong) and？ayyibāt (clean) - hkabāis (filthy). It is understood that the Prophet Mu？ammadgrounded his commands in the concept of hkabāis. Prohibitions related to animal meats in the Qur’ānare limited to four: carcass, blood, pork and animals, which are not slaughtered in the name of Allah. However, in the ？adīth resources there are some narratives about the Prophet’s prohibition on consuming some types of animals other than the forbidden animals specified in the verses. These narratives can be classified in three titles: 1. Animals, which are prohibited to be eaten 2. Animals, which are prohibited because of the way they are fed and slaughtered 3. The matter of prohibition of the animals, which are commanded or forbidden to be slaughtered by the Prophet