TAFSEER COURSES AT THE DāR-AL-FUNūN IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE TO THE TURKISH REPUBLIC

Along with the westernization movements in the Ottoman Empire, madrasahs were discussed and the establishment of an alternative higher education institution to the madrasa was initiated in the last quarter of the 19th century. There were three attempts to establish dār-al-funūn (university) from 1845 to 1881 but failed. Dār-al-funūn Shāhānah (monarchy, royalty) was the first dār-al-funūn in 1900, which was continuous in terms of organization and scientific structure. This dār-al-funūn is also the first dār-al-funūn which also includes a shu‘bah (faculty) that provides religious education (Ulūm-？ āliye-i Dīniyye). The other dār-al-funūns which have a similar faculty are Dār-al-funūn-？ Osmānī (Ottoman) and Istanbul Dār-al-funūn. It is seen that all of these faculties have Tafseer course in the curriculum, and the weekly course hour is determined as three. Manastirli Ismail Hakki, Kereci Said, Bergamal？ Ahmed Cevdet and Asitaneli Mustafa ？evket were the teachers who entered the course of Tafseer in dār-al-funūns. In the Tafseer courses, various surahs were interpreted in Turkish by the teacher with the use of tafseer books and the aspects facing the present were mentioned. The subjects related to the history of tafseer were given by following the tabakāt method. In addition, information about the books of tafseer was tol