Usage of Detoxification Enzyme Glutathione-S-Transferases over Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as Biomarkers of Insecticide Resistance

Insecticides are preferred because of their easy applicability in combating pest insects and their short-term results. Insecticides used over dose and unconsciously in agricultural areas cause ecological damage. Also; the use of over dose insecticides in agricultural areas has led to the development of insect resistance. Since the resistance mechanism developed is genetic, it is transmitted to later fertilizers. For this reason, it is important to apply the insecticides in the restricted areas and in the optimal amount. Insects increase their detoxification capacities to protected themselves from insecticides. Detoxification mechanisms are based on the breakdown of insecticides before reaching the target area. The most important detoxification enzyme in insects are Glutathion-S-Transferases (GST). GST enzyme in insects has a role in protection of cellular membranes against oxidative degradation as well as detoxification mechanism. Galleria mellonella may be used as a model organism for understanding the insecticide resistance mechanism