A STUDY ON BAHA TEVFIK'S SOCIAL, POLITICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS

This article aims to demonstrate the social, political and philosophical ideas of Baha Tevfik who was one of the most important Ottoman intellectuals of the 19th century. The first part of the article analyzes Baha Tevfik’s political ideas about the importance of the individual and of individual freedom; government effectiveness on the individual; status of civil servants; the goal of nationalization; the functioning of the administrative system and the essential characteristics of the Turkish nation. The second part presents the various social and philosophical ideas of the thinker (the moral perspective, the philosophy of Nietzsche and Kant, the relationship between feminism and Islam). Thirdly, the paper focuses on the comparison of socialism with anarchism by B. Tevfik; the political ideas of the Ottoman Socialist Party; of the Turkish socialist journal ？？tirak; B. Tevfik’s contribution to the party and to the journal. The objective of this part is to question the conceptual ambiguity observed in the writings of B. Tevfik, all this being inseparable from the terminological confusion in the minds of the intellectuals of the late Ottoman period