“Tawq？at” as an Early Literary Genre in Classical Arabic Literature in the Context of the Examples of Abbasian Statesman

This article is about "tawq？at" which emerges in the form of laconic answers given to the letters presented to the statesmen in classical Arabic literature, and which in particular contributes greatly to the development of rhetoric in terms of style. This literary genre provides important clues about the relationship between the rulers and the ruled in the Islamic political tradition, as well as possesses a great literary value. The first examples of tawq？at were given during the period of Hulefa-i Rashid. Then in the time of Umayyads considerable progress was made, and the Abbasids era was the golden age for tawq？at. In our writing, the definition, characteristics, history and important sources of tawq？at are studied and then the tawq？at is examined in terms of style and content. Finally, some elegant examples that is categorized according to subjects are presented with the necessary explanations