Influence of different grain storage types on Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), infestation in southeastern Anatolia (Turkey) and its resistance to malathion and deltamethrin

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different storage types on the infestation of Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granariumEverts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), and its resistance to malathion and deltamethrin in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. A total 355 various grain storage facilities (metalsilo, concrete wall and basic plasterless) were surveyed in five provinces, (Diyarbak？r, Mardin, ？anl？urfa, Ad？yaman and Batman) during April-December in 2014-2016 and wheat grain samples were collected. Also, 24 populations of Khapra beetle were collected for bioassay studies. The provinces and storage types significantly influenced the infestation rate of Khapra beetle. The highest infestation of the beetle was recorded in Mardin (77.5%), followed by ？anl？urfa (67.5%). Whereas the lowest infestation observed was in Diyarbak？r (43.4%) and Ad？yaman (44.1%). For storage types, the highest infestation was observed in basic plasterless storage type (80.0%), while the lowest (27.1%) was noted for storage type of metalsilos. Bioassay studies indicated that Khapra beetle has evolved low resistance to deltamethrin, whereas it was tolerant to malathion. Resistance ratios of the populations exposed to deltamethrin were 4-10.7 times, while the ratios for malathion were 1.32-1.92 times. It is concluded that the higher resistance ratios for deltamethrin were linked to its frequent use compared to malathion