Paleo-Depositional Environment and Coalification Characteristics of ？ilhoroz (？ay？rl？ - Erzincan) Coals

This study has done by petrographic methods in order to determine the paleo-depositional features and coalification process characteristics of coal deposits around ？ilhoroz in Erzincan basin. Coal bearing units consists of coal and alternating layers (mainly clay, carbonate shale, limestone) and it located at the Miocene aged Neftlik Formation at ？ay？rl？ area. ？ilhoroz coal seam demonstrate a dominance of dull and banded dull lithotypes. The coal is predominated by combined xylitic/attrital lithotypes and by huminite macerals with inertinite and minor liptinite macerals. Densinite, attrinite, ulminite and corpohuminite were the most abundant huminite group macerals, respectively. Inertodetrinite and macrinite were the dominant inertinite macerals, while sporinite and resinite were the predominant litpinite macerals. The content of mineral matter (such as clay, pyrit) is variable but generally low (varying from 1% to 7%), it consists mostly of quartz, calcite, clay minerals, and pyrite. According to the proximate and ultimate analyses data indicate that the coal is describe by and in proportion to low ash (avg. 27%), moisture ingredient (avg. 18%) and total sulphur content (avg. 7.7). The volatile matter yields and carbon contents are relatively high, while fixed carbon, sulphur and oxygen contents are average and hydrogen and nitrogen contents are low. The mean huminite reflectance values of samples (Ro, %) ranged from 0.42 to 0.50, and these coals are bituminous B/C coal according to ASTM classification. Based on the GI-TPI, VI-GWI facies diagrams, the ？ilhoroz coal formed in the limnic environment, with the accumulation of dominated vegetable matter and conditions up to rheotrophic to mesotrophic