The Use of Smoke Syrian Rue (Peganum harmala L.) in Eastern Mediterranean Region

Abstract Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) is one of natural plant in our country. The common names used for this plant are üzerlik, ilezik, nazar otu, üzellik, üzerik, üzerrik, üzeriyh, yabani sedef otu, yüzellik (Konya villages) and yüzerlik (E？ridir villages). P. harmala is perennial plants. Its habitat is semi-arid conditions including steppe areas (sometimes salty soil), from sea level to 1500 m. The main medicinal part of the plant is the seed used in both traditional and modern phytoterapy. Pharmacologically active compounds of P. harmala are several alkaloids (such as harmine, harmaline, harmane and harmalole). In traditional medicine, the seeds have been known to be anthelmintic, menstruate flow, anesthetic, diaphoretic and sedative. In the literature, numerous pharmacological studies have indicated the wide range of cardiovascular effects of P. harmala. It has also been used as a talisman against “evil-eye” from ancient times to up to now. The goal of this study is to search and discuss the possible usages of this plant seed besides the use as smoked against evil-eye in east Mediterranean region