A CURRENT ADIPOKINE: CHEMERIN

OBJECTIVE: Chemerin secreted from adipose tissue is a signal molecule with a variety of autocrine and paracrine effects and a new chemotactic protein that recently joined the adipokine family. In recent years, chemerin and its receptor are expressed at the highest levels in adipocytes and less expressed than in the liver, kidney, pancreas, pituitary, placenta, ovary and testes. Through these organs and tissues it is known that it affects energy homeostasis, glucose metabolism, inflammation and many physiological processes. There is growing evidence that this adipokine has been shown to play a role in adipogenesis, energy metabolism and inflammation, its role in metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular diseases, Crohn’s disease, arthritis and cancer. In particular, chemerin has been suggested as a hypothesis of a possible link between obesity and the development of T2DM. It was also found that plasma chemerin levels correlated positively with body mass index, fasting serum insulin, fasting blood glucose, plasma triglycerides and total serum cholesterol and negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein (HDL). In general, these findings indicate that circulating levels of chemerin are dependent on adiposity and metabolic syndrome, suggesting that visceral adipose is a replaceable source of chemerin in obese individuals. Chemerin affects glucose homeostasis by decreasing insulin levels and increasing glucose uptake; T2DM by inhibiting glycogen synthase; inflammation by regulating adipocyte differentiation and chemotaxis; MetS markers by regulating the release of GLUT-4, fatty acid synthase, adiponectin and leptin. Therefore, it is important to determine the levels of circulating levels of chemerin adipokinin in relation to obesity, T2DM, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, metabolic syndrome and many other diseases. In the literature, it is frequently observed that circulating chemerin levels are high in individuals with obese and metabolic syndrome. In this review, chemerinin is associated with the effects of obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as less-studied inflammation, polycystic ovarian syndrome and other metabolic effects