Taqaddum al-Nuzūl or Ta'akhkhur al-Hukm Issue in the Nuzūl Process of the Qur'ān

Some of the ？ukms applied during the Madīna period are mentioned in the Meccan āyāt. This situation caused some problems about what these Meccan āyāt meant. These problems were first mentioned in the tafsīr books. To solve this problem, mufassirs expressed the taqaddum-ta？akhkhur issue. These explanations, which were first mentioned in tafsīr books, were then examined under an independent title in ？ulūm al-Qur？ān books. The first tafsīr book on the subject of taqaddum-ta？akhkhur issue belongs to al-Bag？h？avī, and the first ？ulūm al-Qur？ān book belongs to al-Zarkashī. Taqaddum-ta？akhkhur issue has been examined in al-Suyū？ī’s al-Itqān in a broader way and it has been argued as an independent title in the many of ？ulūm al-Qur？ān books. In the title of taqaddum-ta？akhkhur, issues related to ？ukms have been expressed. However, news-related āyāt are also discussed in this title. The taqaddum-ta？akhkhur in the news-related āyāt is the realization of the related event. However, it is open to discuss news-related āyāt under a title of taqaddum-ta？akhkhur. In this respect, there are some points where taqaddum-ta？akhkhur issue has been criticized. Mention of an event following the Hijra in Meccan āyāt has been understood as evidence of Muhammad’s prophecy. Mentioning of the ？ukm/worship implemented in Madīna in the Meccan āyāt aims to create a mental infrastructure