Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Related Diseases

Endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that performs various functions such as lipid and protein synthesis, protein folding, calcium homeostasis. In this organelle, an increase and accumulation in unfolded or misfolded proteins result in changes in homeostasis of the organelle. This disrupts functions of the organelle and causes endoplasmic reticulum stress. Unfolded proteins reveal hydrophobic amino acid residues in the protein that are prone to form protein clusters. It is known that these protein clusters, which are highly toxic, are related to many diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is seen in neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, arteriosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is also associated with cancer. In this review, the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and various diseases has been examined