Loss of Balkan Lands During Second Constitutional Era and their Reflections to Press

After Dethronement of Sultan Abdülaziz, Abdulhamid II was accepted as new sultan in condition of promulgation of a constitutional era. Abdulhamid II breasted political critics comes from new parliament and on the other gave a struggle against Russian invasion at Balkans and Caucasia in 1877-1978. Heavy defat of the war brought the Saint Stefano Agreement and the Sultan to ease the heavy term of the agreement lied its policy to British and French friendship. The terms of the agreement restored at Berlin Conference and Abdulhamid II instead of constitutional monarchy preferred a sort of absolutism for way of governing. His reign which is called as “istibdat/pressure” went on 33 years in a policy of political balance between European powers. Rising political opposition against to the Sultan obliged him to preannounce the Second Constitutional Era. But this system also was not sufficient for dissolution of the Empire. This research aims to shed lights on loss of Balkan lands of the Ottoman Empire emerged due to lack of authority before The First World War