Present structures and problems of hazelnut enterprises in Kocaali distirct of Sakarya province

The aim of the present study was to determine general characteristics and problems of hazelnut growers in Kocaali district of Sakarya province. A survey was undertaken with 110 growers located in Kocaali district. Data were collected by survey questions regarding the enterprise (age, educational status, land ownership etc.), the field and its management (growing techniques, watering, fertilization, control of disease and pests etc.) and marketing of the product. Most of the growers in the region have been growing hazelnuts for more than 30 years. The growers are at low educational level and they apply agricultural techniques by receiving consultancy. Moreover, most growers are not aware of new techniques and also are not open to adopting them. Hazelnut production is the sole item of income for 67% of the growers. In general, it was determined that the hazelnut fields were not initially formed in a correct way when considering the planting distance and number of branches and that the growers were not completely conscious with regard to such cultural activities as pruning, fertilization, and control of disease and pests. Most enterprises sell their products 3–6 months after the harvest. It was also determined that, despite their dissatisfaction, all growers plan on continuing hazelnut production. Long–term sustainable plans must be made to solve the problems in hazelnut production. Growers must be financially supported through growers organizations in order for them to gain power in the market