Investigating The Relationship on CO2, Tourism, Economic Growth and Trade Openness in Turkey

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of economic growth, trade openness and tourist arrivals on CO2 emissions by considering the period 1970 through to 2014. For this purpose, firstly, by analyzing the stability of the variables, it was determined that the variables were stationary at level I (1). After the variables were determined to be stationary at I (1), the ARDL boundary test analysis was performed. The cointegration relation was determined according to the ARDL boundary test analysis. In addition, the long-term coefficients of the variables are positive and significant. According to the VECM Granger causality analysis, there was found to be a causality in Turkey between economic growth and CO2 emissions, between trade openness and CO2 emissions, between tourist arrivals and CO2 emissions and between trade openness and economic growth. According to the long-term causality results, there is a relationship of causality between economic growth, trade openness and tourist arrivals and CO2 emissions