Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter Type 2 Inhibitors: New Option in The Treatment of Diabetes

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Although there are many treatment options for diabetes treatment, but only about half of the individuals can reach the target glucose values. Some of the antidiabetic drugs have side effects like hypoglicemia and weight gain. In some of the antidiabetic drug side effect of hypoglycemia and weight gain is observed. Due to such unwanted side effects; there is a increasing interest in new drugs that act independently of insülin, and also tolerated compared to conventional treatment modalities. The renal sodum glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) is responsible for reabsorption of most of the glucose filtered by the kidney. SGLT2 ihbitors such as dapagliflozin, canagliflozin and empagliflozin, decrease renal glucose reabsorption, enhanced urinary glucose excretion. As a result of these, plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin values are decrease. Also reductions in weight and blood pressure have been observed. Recent studies have shown beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well tolerated and safety drugs. Used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic and insülin. The risk of developing hypoglycemia is low during use of the SGLT2 inhibitors. Due to increased glucose excretion in the urine, genital fungal infections and urinary tract infections can ocur, especially in women. The evidence obtained in clinical trials; shoved that the SGLT2 inhibitors is a new option for the treatment of T2DM. Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, sodyum glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors, renal, efficacy