Rates and Effects of Bird Damage on Grain Yield of Oil Sunflower Seedlings

Damage caused by birds to agricultural areas around the world causes significant economic losses for farmers. Because of urbanization for agricultural purposes or afforestation for environmental regulation increases the natural habitat for birds, the rate of agricultural products affected by bird damage is also increasing. Especially birds are causing considerable damage to sunflower seeds. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of 10 different oil sunflower seedlings (Pioneer63F73, Pioneerp64LL05, Pioneer64LC108, PioneerPR64G46, Coral, Golsun, ？ems, Aga1301, Duna ve Bosfora) grown under controlled and uncontrolled conditions on grain yield. It is also aimed to determine the effect of this damage on grain yield. At the end of the study; Maximum bird damage was determined as 51.19% in Pioneer 64LC108 variety, while the lowest bird damage was 9.94% and 11.7% in Bosfora and ？ems varieties respectively. Bird damage as a mean of all varieties resulted in a reduction by approximately 35.1% in grain yield. It has been determined that Bosfora and ？ems varieties, which are early inclined and concave of the table structure, are affected less by bird damage and yield losses are lower