The Effect of Friendship and Hostility on Testimony According to Ottoman Code of Civil Law

In Islamic law witness must be equitable and shouldn't be incriminated in order to be able to value the witness statement. The reasons of imputation are: to testify in order to benefit or eradicate the damage (Ottoman Code of Civil Law a.1700/1) Kinship (lineal consanguinity) and marriage bond (Ottoman Code of Civil Law a.1700/2) Partnership, employer-employee relations Friendship (Ottoman Code of Civil Law a.1701) - the reasons up to here obstacle to testify in favour of somebody.-However hostility (animosity) obstacle to testify against somebody (Ottoman Code of Civil Law a.1702). Norm: If someone's testimony in favour of somebody is valid because of imputation, it isn't valid to testify against somebody and if testimony against somebody is valid then it isn't valid to testify in favour of somebody