Assessing Measurement Invariance of the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS): Paper-and-Pencil vs. Online Administrations

Using multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), this study investigates the measurement equivalence/measurement invariance of identical online/web-based and paper-and-pencil administrations of 8-item shortened version of the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS) developed by Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, and Sowa (1986). The results provided support for configural, metric, and scalar equivalence across administration modes, indicating that the psychometric properties of the 8-item shortened version of the survey are similar whether administered as a paper-and-pencil or an online measurement instrument