Grapevine (Vitis spp.) Defence Mechanism Triggered With Fungal Disease

Our country has climate and soil structure suitable for viticulture. Vitis vinifera L. is the most common species in our country and in the world. Varieties of this species are suitable for consumption of wine, table and raisin but almost all of them are highly susceptible to fungal diseases. For this reason, applying very intensive fungicide to control diseases has become compulsory. Due to using a very high amount of fungicide, human and environmental health are affected adversely. The most important diseases of grapevine worldwide are powdery mildew (Uncinula necator syn. Erysiphe necator) and downy mildew (Plasmopora viticola), which were caused by the fungal pathogens. The use of resistance cultivars will result in significant economic and environmental benefits. Plant defense mechanism has vital importance in resistance to plant diseases. Practices to mobilize the defense mechanism of the plant for disease control are important in many respects such as sustainable agricultural production and the protection of human–environment health. This article explains how the defense mechanism of grapevine that acts with fungal disease work