Determination of Nickel As An Allergic Contact Dermatitis Source From Imitation Jewelry by Dimethylglyoxime (DMG) Test

As the largest immunologic organ, skin is often met allergic contact dermatitis. Nickel compounds are known as carcinogenic and nickel is the main source of allergic contact dermatitis. People are exposed to nickel in daily life through jewelry, metal coins, watches, glasses. The high price of precious metals such as gold and silver headed the consumer to imitation jewelry, however, using such products increased the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis due to the nickel components used in their coatings. Hence, European Commission restricted the nickel release from metal objects and targeted to reduce effects of short and prolonged contact with the skin. The aim of this study was to determine the nickel release by Dimethylglioxime test from imitation jewelry purchased in Istanbul and to consider the nickel release according to price and shopping categories. Imitation jewelry objects (n=385) were purchased from 21 different points in Istanbul with different prices, including 30 bracelets, 29 necklaces, 73 rings, 12 nose rings, 18 piercings (for tongue, lips, external ear, belly button) and 223 earrings. Dimethylglyoxime tests were applied to objects before and after the incubation in artificial sweat solutions. According to the DMG test results, 96 items (%24.9) were found positive for nickel. Considering the price, the number of nickel releasing objects were significantly higher among low priced objects (p=0.001). In addition, number of Ni-positive items purchased from chain stores was found significantly lower than others (p=0.001). Release of nickel in imitation objects, which are generally used by women, should be audited and controlled because of its dermatological and long-term carcinogenic effects. It is thought that this study will guide to further studies and regulations as the first reported study from Turkey