Adenosine Deaminase Gene Polymorphism in Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system. Although the etiopathogenesis of the preeclampsia has not been fully understood, decreased placental perfusion resulting genetic, immunological and inflammatory factors is known to be the main cause. Increased cellular immunity in preeclampsia is a well-known immune response. One of the essential mediators in the cellular immune system is Adenosine deaminase (ADA). This enzyme involves in purine metabolism and catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and 2’-deoxyadenosine to inosine and 2’-deoxyinosine, respectively. Depending on the increase of cellular immunity in preeclampsia, earlier studies found increased levels of adenosine deaminase. This study aimed to evaluate the ADA gene polymorphism in preeclamptic women. 45 asymptomatic pregnant and 43 preeclamptic patients were included in the study. We investigated the ADA gene -located on the long arm of chromosome 20- codon 8, G22A polymorphism (Asp8Asn). There were no demographic differences between the two groups. The ADA gene polymorphism rate in the control group was 8.9%, while it was 4.5% in the preeclampsia group. Although this difference was not statistically significant and further studies are needed, ADA gene polymorphism in preeclamptic women has been investigated for the first time with this study in the medical literature