Recent Methods For Biotechnologic Control on Pest Insects in Cultural Plants

In the struggle against pests that cause economic damage, chemical control is the most preferred method by the producer. However, it should not be forgotten that insecticide applications have many negative effects on human, animal and environmental health and weaken our fighting power for the future by causing resistance development in pests. For this reason, new, environmentally sensitive and more effective strategies are needed to control the insects that are pest to cultivated plants. With RNA Interference (RNAi) technology, the specific gene regions of the pests can be targeted and silenced, so that insect damage or insect populations can be successfully reduced. The CRISPR / Cas9 system is; is a microbial immune system that uses RNA-driven nucleases to destroy foreign genetic material. Unlike RNAi, which disrupts gene expression, CRISPR-Cas9 is a powerful DNA regulatory technology that not only disrupts the expression of genes, but also alters coding sequences, can target multiple genes and significantly reduces workload. Expression of genes targeted by the epigenetic mechanisms can be increased or decreased. Using epigenetic interactions, RNAi and CRISPR technologies, pheromonal or receptor genes with vital precursors for insects can be targeted. Thus, by changing the behavior of pest insects to match and reach to nutrients, reproduction and feeding can be prevented and their populations can be suppressed or controlled. In addition, by targeting genes involved in the immune system, pest insects can be susceptible to infection