Angiogenesis and Full-Thickness Wound Healing Efficiency of a Copper-Doped Borate Bioactive Glass/Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Dressing Loaded with Vitamin E in Vivo and in Vitro

There is an urgent demand for wound healing biomaterials because of the increasing frequency of traffic accidents, industrial contingencies, and natural disasters. Borate bioactive glass has potential applications in bone tissue engineering and wound healing; however, its uncontrolled release runs a high risk of rapid degradation and transient biotoxicity. In this study, a novel organic–inorganic dressing of copper-doped borate bioactive glass/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) loaded with vitamin E (0–3.0 wt % vitamin E) was fabricated to evaluate its efficiency for angiogenesis in cells and full-thickness skin wounds healing in rodents. In vitro results showed the dressing was an ideal interface for the organic–inorganic mixture and a controlled release system for Cu2+ and vitamin E. Cell culture suggested the ionic dissolution product of the copper-doped and vitamin E-loaded dressing showed the best migration, tubule formation, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and higher expression levels of angiogenesis-related genes in fibroblasts in vitro. Furthermore, this dressing also suggested a significant improvement in the epithelialization of wound closure and an obvious enhancement in vessel sprouting and collagen remodeling in vivo. These results indicate that the copper-doped borate bioactive glass/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) dressing loaded with vitamin E is effective in stimulating angiogenesis and healing full-thickness skin defects and is a promising wound dressing in the reconstruction of full-thickness skin injury