Plasmon-Triggered Hot-Spot Excitation on SERS Substrates for Bacterial Inactivation and in Situ Monitoring

Bacterial sensing and inactivating is one of the key steps to prevent bacterial propagation and transfer. Here, using Ag nanoparticle-grafted tungsten oxide films (WO3/Ag), we developed a multifunctional platform that may act as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrate for sensitively capturing and counting bacteria. Moreover, we demonstrated that the use of photon-triggered surface plasmon resonance of Ag on the WO3 surface resulted in a significantly improved photocatalytic activity under visible light (638 nm). The photogenerated reactive oxygen species have been shown to be efficient in the inactivation of bacteria, and the bacteria inactivation process could be monitored in situ by Raman spectroscopy. On the basis of the obtained Raman results and fluorescence measurements of green fluorescence protein expressing bacteria, the active species triggered by hot spots was demonstrated to account for broken cell walls. The bacterial cell contents subsequently leaked out, leading to cell degradation. Potentially, our work may provide a promising strategy for capturing and monitoring the bactericidal process at low concentration and, specifically, may help in the investigation of related inactivation approaches and mechanisms